European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Extraglottic airway devices (EGD) like the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the Baska mask are commonly used for minor surgical procedures under general anaesthesia. These devices are intended to be used as an alternative to traditional endotracheal intubation, which can be difficult and time-consuming, as well as risky, such as airway trauma, bleeding, and infection. EGDs have the advantage of being relatively easy to insert and requiring less training than traditional intubation techniques. As a result, they may be useful for less experienced anaesthetists or in emergency situations. The LMA is a well-known EGD that has been in use for more than 20 years. It consists of a mask-like device that sits over the larynx and is sealed by an inflatable cuff

In recent times, sleep disorders and associated breathing difficulties have received significant attention, leading to an increased interest in the study of various maxillary expansion protocols. MARPE has become progressively popular in the management of transverse discrepancies in comparison to traditional expansion methods, due to its augmented skeletal effects. Awareness of early prevention or methods to alleviate sleeprelated breathing disorder symptoms by possibly increasing the airway dimensions has led to an interest in the study of various maxillary expansion protocols. Literature on MARPE, its effects and techniques are quite scarce. This article aims to review the appliance design, miniscrew placement, activation technique and post- expansion outcome parameters and latest advancement in the customized digital manufacturing process

Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep related breathing disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial obstruction of airway leading to reduced or absent breathing during sleep. Most common trigger factors are obesity, anatomical defects in the pharynx and reduction in airway which disrupts routine sleep cycle and results in reduced quality of life. This review article describes the sequalae of events due to OSA and importance in the diagnosis and management of OSA by orthodontists.