European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Bronchoscopy is one of the most commonly performed safe procedures worldwide by pulmonologists for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It has a few complications such as bleeding, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, iatrogenic infections, atelectasis, and pneumothorax. The incidence of bleeding is low and rarely life-threatening, with a mortality rate of 0-0.04%. The greatest danger in a bleeding situation is aspiration and blood flooding of the alveoli (1,2). Cold saline is now regularly used to reduce bleeding during bronchoscopic operations, and other drugs such as adrenaline and terlipressin have also been employed. but either connected with difficulties or a scarcity of research (9,10). As a result, this study was conducted since there have been few studies on tranexamic acid, which requires greater assessment in terms of efficacy and safety. As a result, we conducted this study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid endobronchial instillation. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid endobronchial instillation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 50 Patients with endoscopically evident tumours and active bleeding were randomly separated into two groups of 25. The first group got 500mg of inj. tranexamic acid diluted in 20ml normal saline was administered through the bronchoscope for three efforts, whereas the second group received 20ml of cold saline for two attempts. After each try, 60-90 seconds were watched for bleeding cessation and hemostasis. RESULT: Endobronchial instillation of tranexamic acid stopped bleeding in all 25 cases (100%), whereas cold saline controlled bleeding in just 2 (8%) of the 25 patients.  The cold saline group had 84%(21) of the patients hypoxemia and 36%(9) had severe cough, however, the tranexamic acid group had no side effects

PPH is one of the major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity by altering hemodynamic stability. Primary PPH is excessive blood loss within 24 hours, Secondary PPH is excessive bleeding in the period from 24 hours after delivery till puerperium. Among 100 primigravida, 50 were taken as study group i.e., Group A which involves intervention by administrating IV Tranexamic acid 1 gm and 50 as control group i.e., Group B without intervention. In our study group most common indication was fetal distress i.e., 68% in cases and 76% in controls and p value is 0.126 (> 0.05), which means both groups were comparable. Nausea among 10 cases, Head ache among 12 cases and vomiting among 7 cases had occurred. There were no evidence of complications like thromboembolism

Background: Total hip arthroplasty could be associated with major intra-operative as well as post-operative blood loss. Post-operative anaemia is a recognized complication which can prolong hospital stay, delay rehabilitation and is poorly tolerated by elderly patients. Blood transfusion carries the risk of infections, anaphylaxis, etc. We examined whether tranexamic acid given before and after total hip arthroplasty reduces intra-operative, post-operative and total operative blood loss and whether the need for post-operative blood transfusion is reduced.
Materials & Methods: A total of 40 patients were included in this study. Group A (n=20, study group) received I.V tranexamic acid (15mg/kg body weight) infusion 10 minutes before incision. 4 hours later, 10mg/kg body weight I.V tranexamic acid was given. Group B (n=20, control group) did not receive any anti fibrinolytic agent. The amount of blood loss, post-operative drop in haemoglobin and the amount of blood transfused was recorded in each case.
Results: Tranexamic acid significantly reduced intra-operative blood loss by 35.68% and total operative blood loss by 22.87% with a 30% reduction in blood transfusion rates compared to the control group. There was no significant effect on post-operative blood loss, duration of surgery or length of hospital stay.
Conclusion: Tranexamic acid when administered perioperatively significantly reduces the operative blood loss in primary total hip arthroplasty surgery with minor side effects. Thus, it can be used effectively in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty to reduce intra-operative blood loss and the need for blood transfusions.

  Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a lysine analog that exhibits an anti-fibrinolytic effect by directly   preventing the activation of plasminogen as well as inhibiting activated plasmin from degrading fibrin clots.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to know the effect of Tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgeries and to study the effect of drug on perioperative hemodynamic.
Materials and Methods: A prospective randomised control study was done in Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurgato know the effect of Tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgeries.
Results: Who received tranexamic acid had roughly 170ml lesser intra-operative blood loss than the control subjects and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Perioperative blood loss and the need for transfusion in major orthopedic surgeries can be effectively reduced by using Tranexamic acid.