European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: The most frequently encountered medical disorder in pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) which is multifactorial and no tool has been successful in predicting GDM in early pregnancy. In the modern era association of GDM with metabolic syndrome is coming to light. The clinical marker of visceral obesity which is now coined as hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is abdominal obesity in combination with hypertriglyceridemia. The purpose of this study was to find the association between the hypertriglyceridemic- waist phenotype in early pregnancy and glucose intolerance in later pregnancy. Not many studies have been done to show the association of increased waist circumference and elevated serum triglyceride leading to the development of GDM even though it is well known that the interrelation of these leads to subsequent development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Objective: To determine the association of elevated serum triglyceride level and waist circumference in early pregnancy with the development of GDM in later pregnancy
Materials and methods: It is an observational study where fasting serum triglyceride and waist circumference is measured in 270 consenting pregnant women between 11-14 weeks and followed up. Performance of 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done between 24-28 weeks and results were interpreted.
Results: In early pregnancy, a waist circumference of 96.4cm+/-13.6 and a fasting serum triglyceride level of 147.8mg/dl+/-74.8 are interrelated with the development of GDM in later pregnancy. There is 3 times increased chance of developing GDM with a waist circumference of >80cm and 9 times increased chance of developing GDM with a serum triglyceride level of >150mg/dl
Conclusion: In early pregnancy, the “Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Circumference” is associated with the subsequent development of GDM

Background: The incidence of OSA among persons who have type 2 diabetes may vary anywhere from 8.5% to 86%. Obstructive sleep apnea is more common in people of South Asian heritage who have type 2 diabetes (OSA). People of South Asian descent who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes tend to be overweight, and this obesity has been associated to obstructive sleep apnea. 
Method: In present study 246 subjects received Polysomnography (PSG) and among them 192 assessed for CPAP titration. 78 participants were removed due to inclusion criteria, CPAP intolerance, refusal to participate, those who can't afford treatment, etc. The remaining 114 subjects were obese non-diabetics (61) and obese type 2 diabetics (53). These 53 obese diabetic subjects were divided into 3 groups: CPAP group, CPAP with Lifestyle changes and CPAP with Pranayama group. Follow-up was done after six-month.
Result: We found BMI, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference and Neck Circumference were decreased in all three-study groups after six months of interventions. It was very highly Significant (p<0.001) in all groups. We have also found a positive correlation with AHI and Anthropometric evaluation.
Conclusion: The pattern of sleep improved across the all-different stages of sleep. Using CPAP in conjunction with these two interventions not only improves the success rate of treating OSA, but also shortens the overall time necessary for therapy.

Obesity is a major risk factor for Diabetes Mellitus(DM). Older anthropometric measurements like Body Mass Index(BMI), Waist Circumference(WC), Waist Circumference Height ratio(WHt ratio) etc and newer ones like A Body Shape Index(ABSI) and Body Roundness Index(BRI) are used to detect obesity. This study was undertaken to determine the utility of newer and older anthropometric measurements in predicting the risk of DM among urban population of Mandya city.
Methods: Fasting Blood Sugar(FBS) and anthropometric measurements like BMI, WC, WHt ratio, BRI and ABSI were measured. Correlation analysis, Odds Ratio and ROC curves were analyzed to know the ability of each anthropometric measurement in predicting the risk of DM.
Results: Overall prevalence of DM in the study population was 23.4%. All anthropometric measurements except ABSI were significantly high in subjects with DM. According to OR value, WHt ratio(2.254) was the best predictor of DM, followed by BMI(Asia Pacific classification) with 2.16.Older anthropometric measurements such as BMI(r=0.252;p=0.000*), WC(r=0.230;p=0.000) showed a significantly positive correlation with FBS compared to BRI and ABSI. According to ROC curves, the highest AUC was found with older methods such as WC(0.617) and BMI(0.616) followed by WHt ratio(0.595) and newer methods such as BRI(0.595) and ABSI(0.542).
Conclusion: Older anthropometric measurements have better discriminatory powers and significant strength of association with DM compared to newer ones. Establishing newer reference ranges of FBS for Asian population and incorporation of Asia Pacific Guidelines of BMI classification at all levels of health care in India is needed for better risk stratification and the prevention of DM.

Background: Obesity is linked to a wide range of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, pulmonary embolic disease and aspiration pneumonia.
Aims and Objective: To assess the correlation between Obesity markers (BMI and waist circumference) and PEFR in adult males.
Material and Methods: One hundred male subjects in the age group of 20-50 years were recruited, their obesity parameters BMI and WC were recorded by standard methods and Peak expiratory flow rates by Mini Wright’s Peak flow meter.
Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation of BMI with PEFR (r = -0.3885) and Waist circumference with PEFR (r = -0.4010, p<0.05). Conclusion: Obesity produces significant deterioration in the PEFR.

NAFLD may progress through three different stages, from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis and finally to cirrhosis. Hepatic steatosis represents simple increase in accumulation of fat in liver, without evidence of inflammation or liver damage. Inflammation and liver damage is however present in steatohepatitis. NAFLD was defined as any degree of fatty liver in the absence of alcohol intake. NAFLD, if present, was classified based on standard ultrasonographic criteria as: Grade 1 (mild steatosis): slightly increased liver echogenicity with normal vessels and absent posterior attenuation. Prevalence of high Waist circumference, which is important marker of central obesity, according to ATP III guidelines for male waist circumference is(≥102 cms) & for female is (≥88 cms) consider as central obesity. In our study,14(58.33%)males patients had waist circumference is ≥102cms &25(96.15%)females patients had waist circumference is ≥88cms. Mean waist cicumference in male were 102.58cms & in female were 96.5cm