European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus include cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular
accidents and peripheral vascular disease. Macrovascular disease is a significant cause of mortality in
diabetic patients. Diabetic individuals have a multitude of risk factors for atherogenesis and the odds of
developing coronary artery disease and ischemic strokes are 2 to 4 times and 2 to 3 times more,
respectively, than non-diabetic individuals. This is a prospective observational comparative study in
which 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the age group of 35-65 years were included and
results are compared with 60 Normal Individuals. The study design was approved by the Ethical
Committee of the institution. In NN group, 12(85.7%) patients were on OHA, 02(14.3%) patients on
insulin. In NH group, 19(82.6%) patients were on OHA, 04(17.4%) patient was on insulin. In HH
group, 16(69.6%) patients were on OHA, 7(30.4%) patients were on insulin. The distribution of BMI
among all the three groups was equal. P value was 0.215 which shows that the groups were similar to
each other in the distribution of BMI.

Type 2 diabetes, is caused by insulin resistance which is characterized by a decreased effectiveness of insulin. In contrast to type 1 diabetes in which the pancreatic islets are destroyed and no insulin can be synthesized anymore, in type 2 diabetes insulin secretion is normal, elevated or reduced. Unlike in patients with type 1 diabetes, symptoms do not appear abruptly, but set on gradually so that the disease often remains undiagnosed for a long time. The present study included 150 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in outpatient and inpatient departments were study subjects. The present study had diabetic patients ranging from 41 to 80 years of age. Majority of cases were in the 61 to 70 age group. Male cases were 58.7% and female cases were 41.3%. 60% of cases of Type 2 DM were associated with complications of which 66.7% were microvascular and 33.3% were macrovascular complications.