European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: India is a rapidly developing country and automobiles plying on roads are increasing each day. This has led to an increase in petrol pump stations and petrol pump workers and also exposure of petrol pump workers to vapours of petrol and gases from exhaust of automobiles. Petrol vapours and gases from automobile exhaust have a deleterious effect on the respiratory system. In the present study an attempt has been made to study the effect of inhalation of petrol vapour and gases from automobile exhaust on lung functions of petrol pump workers.
 
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive and observational study conducted in the Department of Physiology, Index Medical College, Hospital and Research center Indore from Period of study from January 2021 to December 2022. They are 3 groups in our study: Group-I normal health individual-(N=50), Group-II  fuel filling workers-(N=50) andGroup-III construction workers-(N=50).
 
Results: In our study, the most of workers age group is 18-30 years i.e., 19 out of 50, followed by 31-40 years, i.e., 17 out of 50 in Group I and in Group II 18-30 years i.e., 18 out of 50, followed by 31-40 years, i.e., 17 out of 50. In Group III 18-30 years i.e., 20 out of 50, followed by 31-40 years, i.e., 12 out of 50. Group I out of 50, 39 subjects were male and 11 were female subjects. In Group II 36 were male and 14 were female subjects. In Group III 39 subjects were male and 11 were female subjects. The Mean Working hours of participants of Group I is 8.10±0.37 and Group II is 8.10±0.37 Group III in 8.10±0.37. All the parameters of Pulmonary Function Test were significantly difference among 3 groups.
Conclusion: The present study adds evidence that cement dust adversely affects the respiratory functions and this impairment is association with duration of exposure to cement dust. It also suggests that the workers must undergo pre-employment and periodic medical examination including lung function test. Thus, this study showed existing changes in pulmonary function related to dust exposure, and generated evidence to integrate primary prevention methods towards dust- related morbidity and mortality.

Introduction : .  Respiratory problem are fairly common among Marble stone cutting workers, many of them work without any preventive gears / PPEs & lack of awareness about the harmful effects  results in poor quality of life and also financial burden to their families. Purpose of study was to to determine the magnitude of respiratory morbidities and impairment of lung function in marble stone cutting workers and to promote occupational health safety among them.
 
Methods: : This was an analytical cross sectional study done in stone cutting workers in Bhedaghat, Jabalpur for 3 months. Data related to socio demographic characteristics, occupational history, work environment, respiratory symptoms and spirometry findings were collected and analysed. The inclusion criteria included individuals working as stone cutting workers for more than 5 years at the time of study For all numerical variables, Pearson’s correlation test was used. For all categorical variables, the Chi‑square test and Fisher’s exact test were used. A P less 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The most common respiratory symptom reported was Chronic cough (19%). Spirometry revealed that 64% of participants had abnormal (impaired) lung function test. Duration of work (in years), working hours per day, and use of PPE were significantly associated with abnormal pulmonary function test (p < 0.05)
Conclusions : Data from our study suggest that  duration of the years of work as stone cutting worker had a significant association with the pulmonary function, so periodic screening and effective use of PPE is recommended.

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating medical, social, and economic
problem for patients and their families.The present study correlated findings in pulmonary
function test with stages of chronic kidney disease.
Materials & Methods:100 confirmed cases of CKD and 40 controls were included.
Standard spirometric pulmonary function tests were performed immediately before and after
the midweek hemodialysis session.
Results: Most common age group was 31-40 years [34 (34%)] followed by 21-30years [17
(17%)] and 41-50 years [16 (16%)].Most commonly observed PFT pattern was Mild
restrictive [22 (22%)] followed by moderate restrictive [19 (19%)]. 25 patients with mild
restrictive pattern, 13 (52%)belong to stage 3, 5 (20%) belong to stage 4, 6 (24%) belong to
stage 2 and 1 (4%) belong to stage 5 CKD whereas, out of 19 patients with moderate
restrictive pattern, 9 (47.36%) belong to stage 5 and 5 (26.31%) each belong to stage 2 and 3
respectively. Out of 12 patients with moderately severe restrictive pattern 6 (50%) in each
belong to stage 4 and 5 respectively. All two severe restrictive pattern patients belong to stage
5 CKD.
Conclusion: In CKD patients there exists a significant pulmonary morbidity in restrictive
pattern. This restrictive abnormality depends on stage of CKD and worsens as the CKD stage
worsens. Most common finding was mild restrictive pattern suggesting that clinically patient
may not get debilitating symptoms due to this.

Background:Hypothyroidism is divided in primary, caused by failure of thyroid function and secondary (central) due to the failure of adequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion from the pituitary gland or thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus. Secondary hypothyroidism can be differentiated in pituitary and hypothalamic by the use of TRH test. In some cases, failure of hormone action in peripheral tissues can be recognized. Primary hypothyroidism may be clinical, where free T4 (FT4) is decreased and TSH is increased or subclinical where FT4 is normal and TSH is increased. In secondary hypothyroidism FT4 is decreased and TSH is normal or decreased. Primary hypothyroidism is most commonly caused by chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, less common causes being radioiodine treatment and thyroidectomy.
Material and Methods:This is a case control study conducted in the Department of General Medicine, NC Medical College & Hospital, Israna, Panipat over a period of 1 year. A total of 120 patients with age between 18 to 60 years were included in the study. The study included 2 groups, group 1 consisted of 60 newly detected hypothyroids and group 2 with 60 controls who were age, sex matched and from similar environment as that of cases. Group 1 hypothyroid patients include both clinical (TSH >5 milli units/L with clinical features of hypothyroidism or low Free thyroxine (FT4)) and subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH>5 with no clinical features of hypothyroidism or normal FT4). Results:In this study, there is no significant difference in age and BMI in cases and controls. TSH was significantly higher while FT3 and FT4 were significantly lower in cases compared to controls. FVC between cases and controls did not show statistical significance, although the mean FVC was found to be lower in cases (1.73) as compared to controls (2.23). Furthermore, observed that there was no significant correlation between TSH or FT4 with FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC as seen in (Table 3 and 4). Conclusion:FT3 level and FT4 level was each significantly associated with fat volume and BMI. Thyroid hormone levels can affect cardiovascular risk through regulation of pericardial fat deposition, in addition to other known mechanisms. In hypothyroidism, there is significant reduction in the dynamic lung functions as compared with controls.

Background – Radiologic technologists are under the exposure of ionizing radiations for long duration of their occupational work life. Ionizing radiations have previously been found to damage the lung tissue and cause fibrosis.
Methods–Spirometry, a measure of pulmonary function tests was performed on radiologic technologists (n=23) and was compared with healthy subjects (n=23). To assess the effect of duration of radiation exposure over spirometry, correlation analysis along with linear regression was performed with their duration of exposure to ionizing radiations.
Results – There was a significantly lower FVC % of predicted (p = 0.04) and MVV% of predicted (p =   0.05) values among radiologic technologists as compared to healthy controls.  Further with increasing duration of exposure to ionizing radiations, a significant negative correlation was observed for FVC % of predicted (p value = 0.004) FEV1 % of predicted (p value = 0.015) PEFR % of predicted (p value = 0.046) and MVV % of predicted (p value = 0.037).
Conclusion – Ionizing radiations affect the lungs of radiologic technologists and the restrictive type pattern was noted.  In subjects with higher duration of radiation exposure the effect is more pronounced.