European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background and Objectives: Hyperlipidaemia refers to elevated levels of lipids in the blood. Lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides are insoluble in plasma. Circulating lipid is carried in lipoproteins that transport the lipid to various tissues for energy use, lipid deposition, steroid hormone production, and bile acid formation. To compare the efficacy of Atorvastatin alone with Atorvastatin plus Omega- 3 fatty acids combination in management of hyperlipidaemia. Methods: The study was a comparative, prospective, randomized and open label study. Patients with history of recent MI or post MI, attending the out patients / in patients, Department of General Medicine, DMCH, Darbhanga. Study duration of Two years. Conclusion: The efficacy of combination therapy i.e., Atorvastatin plus Omega-3 fatty acids showed statistically significant rise in HDL cholesterol with mean percentage difference of 3.7% when compared to monotherapy with Atorvastatin.

Background: Obesity is a major public health problem that results in decreased life expectancy, especially in younger age groups. Both lipid and blood sugar are found to be deranged in people who are obese for a long period of time. Obesity is a metabolic disorder and its outcome is due to multiple interactions between genes, lifestyle and the environment. This study aims at measuring and correlating values of serum cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels in obese and non-obese individuals.
Material and methods: A total number of 100 individuals of the age group between 18-29 years, coming for health check-ups at L.N. Medical College and J.K. Hospital, Bhopal were selected for the study. They were divided into groups. One group with BMI over 25 is considered an obese group, and another with a BMI less than 25 is considered a non-obese group. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for blood cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Results: A significant increase in levels of Serum Cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL and a significant decrease in HDL in obese young adult males and females were observed. The young adult obese have relatively larger changes in serum lipids at any given level of obesity. The study has documented several lipid profile abnormalities among obese and non-obese subjects.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the presence of statistically significant changes in fat proportions is considered a risk factor for Heart, blood vessels and obesity in central India

Background: Lipid and lipoprotein levels are interrelated with diabetes mellitus. Abnormalities in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) or triglycerides (TAG) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] is traditionally named as dyslipidemia. Diabetes mellitus has been known to be associated with lipid disorders and cardiovascular diseases. In patients with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia occurs earlier in life, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. The study aims to assess the changes in lipids and lipoprotein levels in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus patients.
 
Methods: A case-control type of study was conducted for 18 months (September 2011 to March 2013) at the Department of General Medicine, Shadan Hospital, Hyderabad. Ethical committee approval was taken before the study from the institutional ethical committee. A total of 120 subjects, 60 non-diabetic (healthy) control subjects with matching age and gender and, 60 cases of subjects with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus were enrolled based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
 
Results: This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in lipids and lipoprotein levels between control (normal and healthy subjects) and case (subjects with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus) groups. The Mean±SD levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a) were higher in the cases group and showed statistical significance when compared with the control group.

Aim and Objectives: Type I Diabetes mellitus previously classified as juvenile diabetes is supposed to cause derangements in lipid metabolism, consequent on impaired glucose metabolism just like type II diabetes mellitus. If these patients are early diagnosed and properly treated, with good control of diabetes, degenerative changes may be postponed or stopped (or) onset may not occur. Aim is to Study lipoprotein patterns and disturbances in lipid metabolism in cases of type I diabetes mellitus, who are on regular treatment with Insulin.
Materials and Methods: Glucose tolerance test and lipid profile in IDDM patients is done and compared with same biochemical parameters with the healthy non diabetic controls. Cases are being selected from the medical wards of Govt., General Hospital, and Guntur. Cases of about 35 diabetics (IDDM) of both sexes, of various age groups from 6 to 40 years, without clinically manifested complications were investigated. At the same time about 35 controls of nondiabetic healthy persons without hyperglycemia and glycosuria were investigated for comparison with the cases.
Results: The mean HDL cholesterol level for IDDM patients is 37.514 mg % (S.D = + 6.213). In case of normals, the HDL-C is 43.57 mg% (S.D = +6.31) P value is 0.01. So there is significant decrease in HDLC in IDDMpatients compared with normals. The mean VLDL-C level for IDDM patients is 46.25 mg% (S.D= + 9.419) and the mean VLDLC concentration in case of normals is 29.71mg% (S.D± 10.53) P value is 0.01. So VLDL-C is increased in IDDMpatients compared with normals.The mean LDL-C concentration for IDDM patients is 141.971ng% (S.D+51.64) and the mean LDL-C concentration in case of normal94.51 mg% (S.D± 21.88) P value is .01. So there is increasedconcentration of LDL-C in IDDM patients compared with normals. The LDL-C and HDL-C ratio is more in case of IDDM patents compared with normals.
Discussion: The history of the patients is studied. None of them are smokers (or) Alcholics (or) with abnormal food habits leading to obesity. So the basis of the study of lipoproteins is purely is in relation to type I Diabetes mellitus. None of the patients showed any signs and symptoms of cardiac insufficiency (or) cardiomyopathy symptoms. The lipoprotein pattern studied in these patients have shown significant rise of LDL-C in almost all the patients. Mild rise of Triglycerides is seen in all the patients with the mean of 242.628 mg %. The patients studied are on treatment with insulin for more than one year and are with adequate control. Inspite of their treatment of diabetes with insulin therapy, the observation is that, there is increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This indicates that Acetyl COA and FFA are shunted towards fat synthesis. HDL fraction is seen in all the patients studied by lipoprotein pattern. The mean value of HDL obtained is 37.5 mg% for normal controls LDL, HDL and VLDL are lower range than Type I diabetes patients.
Conclusion: This study shows that if the patients with diabetes are on regular treatment with insulin and maintaining the normal blood sugar levels, the complications are postponed and less likely to appear. Those whose GTT is increased showing increased or abnormal blood sugar levels have altered or increased lipoprotein levels. This increased lipoproteins may lead to cardiovascular complications in future which life are threatening

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of skin and joint associated with cardiovascular morbidity.Previous studies have shown higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriasis patients.
Material & Methods: In this study 60 adult patients from each group with psoriasis and chronic eczemawere included for assessment of metabolic syndrome.Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the presence of three or more criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Panel III (ATP III) with Asian modification for waist circumference.
Results: Metabolic syndrome was significantly more common in psoriatic patients than in eczema patients ((23)38.3% VS (13) 21.6%) P=0.046. Psoriatic patients had a higher prevalence of triglyceridemia, low HDL levels and elevated blood sugaras compared to those findings in chronic eczema group of patients.
Conclusion: In view of our study showing strong association between metabolic syndrome and psoriasis, it is recommended that all psoriasis patients should be screened for early detection of metabolic syndrome so as to prevent mortality and morbidity related to metabolic syndrome. In eczema, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is comparable to that observed in normal population of this region.

Background: Bilirubin is a metabolic byproduct of the breakdown of hemoglobin degradation which itself must be metabolized for appropriate excretion. High levels of bilirubin are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Objectives: To study the level is to see correlation between serum bilirubin level and Risk factor of cardiac disease in patients admitted in hospital.
Methodology:  This study includes 100 Male Indian subjects between 35 to 60 years of age who visited medicine OPD of our institute. Biochemical test like Lipid profile, Serum bilirubin and blood sugar(Fasting & Post Prandial) were measured on a fully automatedanalyzer along with quality control sera. Obtained Results were analyzed statistically to calculate p value and to see the difference of significance.
Results: HDL level between OPDand IPD (31.92 ± 4.25 mg/dl and 49.92 ± 7.23 mg/dl ) subjects respectively. In the same manner this table also showed a higher level of FBS 122.23±4.2 mg/dl and PP2BS 132.23±8.0 mg/dl in OPD subjects as compared to IPD patients but the difference among them was not significant. It was represented that the OPD subjects were more prone to risk of CVD because the level of S.choletserol was 220.92 ± 40.21 as compared to 209.45 ± 29.90 in IPD subjects.(p value:<0.001 significant)Regarding serum Triglyceride level , there is no such significant difference found among two group. While comparing the level of serum LDL it was 164.64±15.29 and 134.83±10.39 in Control and case Group Respectively.(p <0.001). The Level of Total bilirubin was 0.84±0.41 mg/dl in control group and 4.42±3.1 in case Group and difference among them was highly significant.
Conclusions: From my study it will be conclude that there is a significant negative relationship was demonstrated between baseline bilirubin levels and incident CHD and CVD death and the level of serum bilirubin is important parameter for defining risk of cardiovascular disease.

Background &Method: The aim of the study is to determine lipid status in one of the common neurodegenerative disease i.e Parkinson’s disease patients. 5 ml fasting blood samples from patients sex & age matched controls were collected from antecubital vein, with all aseptic precaution in plain vacutainers.
 
Result: Serum total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol was significantly low in Parkinson’s patients as compared with control group. Serum HDL cholesterol level was slightly low, but not significantly different as compared with controls.
 
Conclusion: Finally from our work we observed that Serum Total cholesterol and Serum LDL cholesterol levels are significantly decreased, in Parkinson’s disease patients as compared with controls. Serum HDL cholesterol is slightly decreased & did not show any statistical difference in Parkinson’s disease patients as compared with healthy controls suggesting dysregulation of lipid metabolism in PD patients.