European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Cardiovascular problems brought on by ageing and the premature atherosclerosis unique to DM are the most common consequences.Thus Geriatric Diabetic patients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Coronary Artery diseases,Heart failure,Diabetic Autonomic cardiomyopathy causing arrhythmias are more common type of cardiovascular diseases in these group of patients.
Materials and Methods: The present prospective cross sectional hospital based observational study was conducted among 150 Geriatric patients with Type 2 diabetes Mellitus. A detailed clinical history was taken from all the patients regarding symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.  The data was collected and entered into a spread sheet application (Microsoft9 Excel ).
Results: Majority of the study participants were among 60-70 years (89.33%) and least being >80 years(0.67%) .Majority of the study participants were females with 50.67% and 49.33% were males.
considering BMI,47.61% cases were Overweight (25-30) and 15.65% cases were Obese (>30).Major duration of DM among study population was 10-20 years(50.67%) followed by <10 years (27.33%).Major symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular involvement was palpitation 44% followed by 37.33% fatigue.Major signs suggestive of cardiovascular involvement was crepitations 13.33%, followed by 10% pedal edema. Major chest x-ray finding was cardiomegaly 12%, followed by 6.67% Pleural effusion.Major ECG changes considering infarction was NSTEMI 15.33% followed by 12% STEMI.Major ECG changes considering arrhythmias was sinus tachycardia 18% followed by 6.67% sinus bradycardia, 0.67% atrial fibrillation, 1.33% VPC, 19.33% LVH and 0.67% BBB.Major 2D Echo findings was 36.67% LVDD followed by 32.67% had Hypokinesia, 31% akinesia, 27.33% LVSD.It was observed that Around 62% had no cardiovascular involvement, 31.33% had Myocardial infarction, 20.67% arrythmia, 12.67% heart failure and 12% Diabetic cardiomyopathy (HCM+DCM).
Conclusion: Geriatric Diabetics are at significantly increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Myocardial Infarction is commonest cardiovascular abnormality detected.ECG and Echocardiography are basic yet most sensitive diagnostic procedure to detect CVD at an early stage .

Anemia is a major public health concern globally and in India despite numerous health programme organized across the country for decades the national prevalence rates of anemia are reaching new heights as is evident from the national family health survey (NFHS 5).
World Health Organization (WHO), defines anemia as having hemoglobin (Hb) levels lower than 12.0 and 13.0 g/dL in females and males, respectively. The “Dependent Population” defined as People, below 15 years of age group and 65 years and above.  Thus, in age group below 15 years and above 65 years, it is indeed necessary to identify anemia, stratify the type and its severity and search for etiology accordingly. 
Aim: To evaluate etiology, morphological types and grading patters of anemia in pediatrics and geriatric patients. 
Material and methods: The present study was two-months hospital based prospective study of all diagnosed cases of anemia to access the etiology, morphological type and associated grading pattern of anemias in pediatric and geriatric age group from September 2022 to October 2022, which included 56 cases. 
Result: During a period of 02 months, out of the 56 patients, 20 belonged to the pediatric age group (upto 15 years) and 36 belonged to the geriatric age group (65 years and above) were evaluated for anemia. Male to female ratio, out of 20 pediatric patients, was of 3:1. Majority of our patients (55 %) belonged to age group of 06-10 years. Similarly, out of 36 geriatric patients, 17 patients were female (47.3%) and 19 patients were male (52.7%) with male to female ratio of 1.1:1.  Majority of our patients (77.78 %) belonged to age group of 65-75 years. Clinically, majority of pediatric patients presented with nutritional deficiency (30%) and majority of geriatric patients presented with generalized weakness and fatigue (20%). Majority of pediatric age group showed moderate degree of anemia (50%) and in geriatric age group for 36 blood samples were evaluated out of which majority of them showed moderate degree of anemia (47.2%) and severe (47.2%) equally. Morphologically out of 20 blood samples of pediatric age group displayed Microcytic anemia (50 %) with most common etiology being, iron deficiency anemia was observed in 06 cases (30%) with serum ferritin levels below 15 ng/ml and out of 36 geriatric patients’ anemia of chronic disease was observed in 13 cases (36.11%) with most common, etiology being, renal disorder.
Conclusion: Anemia remains a major health concern in both dependent age groups. Early detection of anemia and definite characterization for the underlying etiology should be taken in consideration for the overall improvement in the quality of life in both dependent age groups. 

Background: Ageing is a normal process. There has been an expansion of geriatric age
group due to increased longevity. In developing countries the prevailing socio-economic
conditions of elderly, the process of ageing along with suffering from various health and
social problems definitely affect the day to day of an individual’s life during the old age.
Objectives: To evaluate health profile of geriatric population, To describe the various
types of morbidity with the advancing age.
Materials and This study is a prospective cross sectional study design conducted in
slums of Rajahmundry city for 3 months. The sampled population (484) is divided in to
three categories as per division of age i.e., 60-64 yrs, 65-74 yrs and ≥75 yrs. Medical
problems, psychological problems and other problems are being assessed through
administered study questions.
Results: In the age group of 60-64yrs Hypertension is the major health problem present
in respondents. Next to hypertension individuals have reported to be suffering from
Diabetes. Fatigue is the major psychological problem present in respondents. Next to
Fatigue Lack of Sleep is found to be second major psychological problem. Tobacco
consumption is found in all age group whereas lack of physical exercise followed next.
Conclusion: This study highlighted that majority of the elderly people are affected by
medical and social problems, thus the focus should be on strengthening of geriatric
health services along with social support so that the elderly people may be looked timely
and regularly for their morbidity care so as to deal a happy daily life.

Background:Neuropsychological assessment is the normatively informed application of
performance-based assessments of various cognitive skills. The present study was conducted
to evaluate neuropsychiatric illnesses in geriatric group.
Materials & Methods: 134 subjects age > 60 years with some neuropsychiatric illnesses of
both genders were enrolled. Parameters such as alcohol dependence with or without various
complications, mood disorder-mania, organic mental disorders, psychosis and mood disorderdepression
was recorded
Results: Out of 134 subjects, males were 84 and females were 50. Common neuropsychiatric
illnesses were schrizophrenia in 22, mood disorder in 18 and anxiety disorder in 12, organic
mental disorder in 48 and alcohol dependence in 34. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Organic mental disorder and alcohol dependence were most common
neuropsychiatric illness in geriatric population.

Introduction: Geriatric populations are vulnerable population for adverse drug reactions due to their pharmacokinetic limitations. ADR in older people are common cause of admission to hospital [1, 2] and important causes of morbidity and mortality. In more recent studies, the ADR rate in geriatric setting for the USA and Europe was greater (20%) than in studies carried out in general medicine settings [3]. In tribal distict, the availability of qualified doctors is an important issue, which may predispose to self- medication of modern medicines. There may also be use of various traditional medicines by quacks without prescription of authorized BAMS doctors). There is common concept that Traditional medicines are safer but reliable information (systematic toxicological evaluation) is not available [4]. Use of traditional medicine may associated with various adverse reaction that can affect oral health.

Introduction: The use of aspirin as a pain reliever has been in use for the past 10 years.
Its therapeutic use has also been proven to prevent heart attack and other related
ailments. Elderly individuals who are at greater risk are mostly prescribed low dose
aspirin as an anti-platelet drug to prevent thrombosis.
Materials and Methodology: Aspirin drug with a dose of 100 mg/day was administered
either through oral route or by a nasogastric tube after having breakfast for a period of
2 weeks and then the drug was stopped, and the investigations were continued for a
further 3 weeks. Blood samples and 24hour urine samples were collected every week:
before the administration of first dose of aspirin, and at the end of every treatment
week, and continued for further 3 consecutive weeks after the discontinuity of aspirin
drug. Student’s paired t-test is used to check for the weekly changes of all
measurements compared to baseline, multivariate analysis of variance with repeated
measures (MANOVA) for the overall effect of aspirin drug during the study period.
Results: A highly significant association between the variations from baseline to week 2
in both creatinine and Cu acid was recorded (r = 0.7, P < 0.0001). However, such
correlations were not found between changes in values of C-G and Cu acid. The
decrease in Ccr was also influenced by low haemoglobin levels (R2 = 0.075, P = 0.006)
and by albumin levels with borderline significance (R2 = 0.027, P = 0.08).
Conclusion: The results of the present study might directly reflect that the low dose
aspirin administration in elderly inpatients for a relatively briefer period of time has a
significant effect on their renal tubular function; hence a long-term drug intake may
have some major harmful effect on renal activity. These findings have received a major
necessity to conduct further research in younger and healthier patients and also on
long-term usage of aspirin therapy