European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: A variety of inflammatory, non-neoplastic and neoplastic masses involving nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx are commonly encountered in ENT department occurs amongst all age group patients. This study was undertaken to note the various histopathological patterns of nasal lesions, their classification and relative distribution of various lesions with regard to age and sex in our setting.
Aims:

To evaluate role of histopathology in diagnosis of nasal lesions.
To evaluate the incidence, age at the occurrence and sex ratio among the patients with nasal lesions.
To compare the result of our study with other studies.

Materials and Method: A retrospective 5 year study of 51 cases was conducted at the Department of Pathology GMERS Medical College & Hospital, Valsad, from January 2017 to December 2021. Patients between the ages of 1 to 80 years were enrolled into the study. Histopathological examination was done on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathological diagnosis was correlated with detail of relevant clinical findings and investigations.

Background: Presumptive diagnosis of sinonasal masses can be achieved with the aid of clinical presentation and imaging techniques but histopathological examination remains the mainstay of final definitive diagnosis. The present study was undertaken at a tertiary level hospital to analyse clinical presentations, management and histopathological patterns of Sinonasal masses.
Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, Prospective Non-Randomised study, conducted in patients of all age groups, attending the ENT OPD with masses in sinonasal cavity, diagnosed after complete clinical examination (including endoscopic evaluation), willing to participate.
Results: 40 cases presenting with Sino Nasal cavity masses at OPD were selected as per the inclusion criteria. In our study, most of the patients were in the age group of 31-40 years, with 25% of the study population, followed by patients in the second and third decade with 20% each. There were 24 (60%) males and 16 (40%) females in the study. Overall, non-neoplastic lesions were found to be commonest in occurrence with ethmoid polyp (32.5%) having the highest incidence, followed by antrochoanal polyps (20%), Rhinosporidiosis (2.5%) and Rhinoscleroma (2.5%). Among the benign masses, inverted papilloma was most common (12.5%) followed by hemangioma (10%), ossifying fibroma and osteoma (2.5% each). Carcinoma of the maxilla presented in 3 patients (7.5%) and was the most common malignancy followed by carcinoma of the nasal cavity (5%) and malignant melanoma (2.5%). For non-neoplastic lesions (n=23), majority of the masses were excised either by open surgery or endoscopically with base cauterization (n=21). One case of rhinoscleroma involved medical management along with surgical excision. Medical management was done with antibiotic ciprofloxacin for 6 weeks. Endoscopic surgery resulted in faster recovery and cosmesis.
Conclusion: Clinical diagnosis is often difficult and have to be relied on histopathological examination of biopsy specimen and may require repeated biopsies.

Background:Global prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) ranges from 3%-30% among women 15-45 years. It is necessary to rule out any pathological condition that may be responsible for AUB so that it can be corrected at the earliest.
Objective:To study and review various causes, diagnostic and treatment modalities in evaluating abnormal uterine bleeding
Methods:Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 240 women with AUB. History, examination, USG pelvis and relevant examination was carried out. PALM-COEIN criteria was used to classify AUB. Appropriate management was followed.
Results:Prevalence of AUB was 19%. Majority belonged to 31-40 years. 21.7% had hypertension. Majority (58.3%) presented with heavy menstrual bleeding. 60% had AUB for 3-6 months.Per speculum examination showed that 11.7% had polyp and 22.1% had cervical erosions. On per vaginal examination, 52.9% had bulky uterus. On USG examination, 23.8% were found to have fibroids.Most common histopathological diagnosis was proliferative phase in 19.6% of the cases.55% of the women were found to have polyp followed by leiomyoma in 25% of the cases as per PALM criteria while as per COEIN criteria, most common cause of AUB was endometrial in 21.3% of the cases followed by ovulatory in 13.8% of the cases.70% cases of AUB could be managed conservatively while surgery was required in 27.9% of the cases; however, five cases resolved without any sort of intervention.
Conclusion:Prevalence of AUB was high in the study population. Age 31-40 years, associated co-morbidities, obesity and lower-class women had higher prevalence of AUB. It can be managed conservatively in most of the cases.

Background:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately millions of individuals
every year. It is characterized by inflammation of nose and paranasal sinuses, thus
becoming one of the most common disorders of the upper airway. The present study was
conducted to assess cases of chronic sinonasal diseases & nasal polyposis using functional
endoscopic sinus surgery.
Materials & Methods: 72 patients of chronic sinonasal diseases & nasal polyposis of both
genders were assessed radiologically as well as endoscopically. All patients underwent
functional endoscopic sinus surgery, using the Messerklinger’s approach. They were
recalled for 6 weeks.
Results: Out of 72 patients, males were 42 and females were 30. Endoscopic findings were
DNS in 34, middle turbinate hypertrophy in 18, inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 5,
enlargedaggernasi in 6, Mpd in middle meatus in 5 and edematous/polypoidal up in 4
cases. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Clinical features were nasal discharge in
62, nasal obstruction in 48, sneezing in 57, headache in 61, post nasal drip in 35 and
epistaxis in 29. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Chronic rhinosinusitis is common among all people. Functional endoscopic
sinus surgery is useful in these patients.