European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Corticosteroids are used to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation in different conditions, ranging from skin diseases to brain tumors. Corticosteroids are administered by parenteral, oral and topical route. Topical corticosteroids are considered to have safer than oral corticosteroids. There are different topical corticosteroids preparations used in skin diseases. E.g. mometasone clobetasol, betamethasone, beclomethasone, fludrocortisone and desonide. Use of these steroids depends on anatomic location and strength of corticosteroids.
Clinical effectiveness of topically applied medications depends on the ability of the active ingredient to leave its vehicle and penetrate into the epidermis. Adverse effects of corticosteroids depend on duration of treatment, potency of corticosteroids and area of involvement. We have investigated effect of topical Clobetasole propionate on blood pressure, blood sugar level and blood calcium level after seven day application in patients requiring topical clobetasol therapy. Area of application measured by “Palmar method”, blood pressure by sphygmomanometer, blood sugar by glucometer, calcium investigation by O – cresolphthalein complexone method, concentration of clobetasol propionate by HPLC method. After seven day application, clobetasol propionate had raised systolic blood pressure. The systolic blood pressure was raised more than the diastolic blood pressure. Blood sugar level was raised by clobetasol propionate. Clobetasol propionate after once daily application for seven days did not change blood calcium levels. As area of application of topical steroids increase there were increases in blood concentration of corticosteroids.

Yoga asanas and pranayama can control the blood sugar in a cost-effective manner, as there is no requirement of any sophisticated equipment with maximum space or fitness classes. The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of Yoga on blood sugar and body mass index (BMI) values for different time durations of Yoga training at tertiary care center.
Materials & Methods: A cross sectional observational study done on 200 subjects of both the genders in the age group 20-50 years were performed in the Department of physiology and Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial (LLRM) Medical College, Meerut, U.P., India during one year period. Subjects performed asanas supervised by primary investigator, in sitting, standing and lying position for 45 minutes daily, five days a week. Each asana was performed for 3 repetitions and the end position of each repetition was hold for 30 seconds. Purak and Rechak (deep breathing) was coordinated with the different posture of every asana. Thirty seconds rest period was given between each asana. Cool down was done with Shavasana for 5 minutes.Appropriate descriptive and implemented statistics were carried out using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22.0 software.
Results: Our study showed that 62% of participants were between 41-50 years among males and 92% of participants between 31-50 year’s  in females. Both male and female participants showed a negative correlation between the blood sugar level and yoga performance. Also, a negative correlation existed between the BMI and their yoga performance. Positive correlation is seen between the blood sugar levels and BMI values in both genders.
Conclusion: Yoga cannot cure diabetes but keeps a beneficial check on blood sugar values. Hence yoga is more of cost effective, does not need any equipment as in exercise, it can be done within four walls   with adequate ventilation and long term effect of this yoga can explore the beneficial effects on glucose and other hormonal homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, it can improve cognition, and keep the body in shape with a sense of well-being.

Introduction: The increase in severity of diabetes every year has been linked to patient’s lack of knowledge and practice of proper self-care. Due to its extreme importance, an annual assessment of patients' skills and knowledge has been recommended by The American Diabetes Association.
Objectives:
1. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic patients and to study the impact on glycemic control.
2. To educate the patients about the importance of lifestyle modification in the management of diabetes.
Methods: This study was conducted at the tertiary care level center in latur city of maharashtra. All the patients suffering from type 2 DM for more than one year attending the OPD and at IPD were included in the study irrespective of their age.
Results: On analyzing the data, it is found that only 7.14% participants had knowledge about the insulin deficiency as the cause of DM. only 37.30% of people knew that it is hereditary disease. Participants knowing that DM causes delayed wound healing were 58.73%. Only 50% participants follow the diet plan. Participants examining their feet daily were just 7.14% and only one patient was carrying the diabetic ID card.
Conclusion: The results of the study state that type 2 diabetes patients are deficient of sufficient knowledge on the understanding of causes of DM, risk factors of DM, progress of the disease, complications of DM, different signs and symptoms of complications for early identification, and basic rules of foot care. Practices of eating green leafy vegetables, exercise daily and checking blood sugar regularly are followed well but simple practice of feet examination daily is not followed.