European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Surgical site infection continues to be one of most common postoperative health care associated infections worldwide. SSIs are associated with significant morbidity and complications in the patient. Identifying an appropriate and effective modality of administration of antibiotics is need of the hour to minimize the SSIs. A prospective study was done among 100 patients who underwent elective and emergency surgeries in the department of General Surgery between October 2019 and June 2021 were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups to receive cefotaxime either as intraincisional infiltration or intravenous route. The proportion of patients with signs of wound infection such as redness/warmth was significantly less with intraincisional infiltration than intravenous route (8% vs 26%). Presence of seroma was also significantly less with intraincisional infiltration (32% vs 51%). Thus, it is evident that intraincisional infiltration is more effective in preventing SSI than intravenous route.

Background: Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide, causing an unfavorable status in respect to upcoming pregnancy. About 20-50% world’s population is anemic among them the most common risk factor is pregnancy.
Material and Methods: All pregnant women suffered from iron deficiency anemia with hemoglobulin level 6-10 gm/dl and gestational age 16-32 were included in this study.Total 300 antenatal patients were involved in this study. All women attending antenatal OPD were screened for anemia. All women attending antenatal clinic were screened for anemia between 16-32 weeks of gestation. All participants were subjected to thorough history followed by clinical examination blood investigations such as complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, serum ferritin values, liver and renal function tests, stool examinations for worm infestations and occult blood loss of all cases were carried out and antenatal investigations as per our institution protocol were undertaken. The cases were randomly divided into two groups of 150 each. Oral Group: was given oral iron tablets containing 100 mg of elemental iron and 500 microgram folic acid daily throughout pregnancy. Intravenous Group: was given a 100 mg of elemental iron as iron sucrose. The formula used for calculation of total required IV elemental iron in the form of iron sucrose, that is, Total iron dose required (mg) = 2.4 x weight in kg x (target Hb – actual Hb of patient) g/dl + 500.¹⁷ The total calculated TDI was administered within three consecutive days, up to a maximum of 500 mg per day infusion in 500 ml of normal saline over a period of three to four hours. The infusion was given under supervision to avoid any untoward side effects. Any minor or major side effects were documented.

Aims: To compare the duration of analgesia and side effects of tramadol via two different routes i.e intravenous and rectal administration.
Settings and Design: The study design was Prospective, randomized, single blind and hospital based.
Methods and Material: Sixty adult patients of ASA grade I and II posted for inguinal hernia surgery were randomized to receive either rectal suppository of tramadol 100mg (n=30) Group R or I.V. tramadol 50 mg (n=30) Group I. Pain measurement was performed using visual analogue scale (VAS). Rescue analgesia was given when the VAS was >3 in the postoperative period up to 24 hrs. Side effects like nausea, vomiting, were recorded during the same period.
Statistical analysis used: All data was analysed using the Chi square test and Z-test.
Results: Duration of analgesia was prolonged and requirement of rescue analgesic was less with the suppository group. Nausea and vomiting were also lower with the suppository group.
Conclusions: Rectal suppository of tramadol as well as intravenous tramadol are effective for postoperative analgesia after inguinal herniorraphy, but rectal tramadol is better alternative than I.V. tramadol as it has longer duration of pain relief and lesser incidence of nausea and vomiting.

Background & Method: The aim of this study is to study the effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine in prevention of intra-operative shivering in the patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anesthesia.
Result: The mean sedation score in control group was 1.32 ± 0.47, while in study group it was 4.44 ± 0.61.  The difference was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05), with a higher sedation score in study group in comparison to control group. Statistically significant proportional difference was seen between control and study group for Grade 2, 3 and 4 (P < 0.05), with a higher proportion of patients in control group in comparison to study group.
Conclusion: Patients were randomly allocated in to two groups of 50 each, dexmedetomidine group and control group. Just after intrathecal injection drug were infused intravenously. Dexmedetomidine group was given an iv loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1mcg /kg administered over a 10 minute period followed by an infusion of 0.5mcg /kg body weight. The infusion was stopped at the end of the surgery. Control group were given normal saline slowly. Drug dexmedetomidine is effective in preventing shivering following spinal anesthesia The incidence of shivering in patients under spinal anesthesia after dexmedetomidine is 2% and in control group is 62 %.