European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Cervical cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women that occurs in the cervix, considered as 2^nd common cancer that affects the women after most common breast cancer. Pap smear is a simple, cost effective, non-invasive and OPD method for early diagnosis of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous cervical lesions.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence for the support of patterns of different kinds of cervical lesions and prevalence of epithelial cell abnormalities in our study populations.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the department of Pathology in collaboration with the department of Gynaecology at ESIC hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from 01/03/2021 to 30/12/2021 with the duration of 10 months. All Pap smears were taken of women between the age group of 20-70 years in this study. A total of 150 smears were stained with Pap stain and reported by following the New Bethesda system for Reporting Cervical Cytology, 2014.
Results: Out of 150 cases, 17 (11.33%) Pap smears were reported as unsatisfactory or inadequate, 126 (84%) were NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy). Non-specific inflammatory smears were found to be more predominant among NILM. Epithelial cell abnormalities were reported in 07 (4.66%) pap smears examinations. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in 03(2%) cases, Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 01(0.66%) case, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 01(0.66%) case and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were also found in 01(0.66%) case. The most prevalent age group for epithelial cell abnormalities was 40-50 years.
Conclusion: Pap smears is an effective, non-invasive modality and useful in the detection of early diagnosis of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous cervical lesions. 

Background: More than one million women worldwide are currently living with carcinoma, and it is the second most leading cause of death amongst Indian women. Carcinoma cervix is easily preventable by screening test “Pap smear”. Screening requires awareness amongst the women of reproductive age group, Health care professionals and also the social workers. Awareness programmes are essential for early detection and reduce the morbidity and mortality ^[1].
Lack of awareness, health care facilities and equipment, low information on Carcinoma screening and associated stigma in the community lead to the missing of early diagnosis of carcinoma cervix in the women of reproductive age group.
Awareness programs by using mobile phone short messaging service (SMS) and also special apps were conducted. Smartphone interventions can potentially influence heath related behaviour and facilitate in the transfer of knowledge and plays an active role on ones health and medical care in turn leads to better health care quality, better health outcomes and likely lower health care costs ^{[1, 2]}.
Methods: Study was conducted for the duration of two years (June 2018-May 2020). Smart phone was used as a tool to transfer knowledge on awareness and preventive measures in the form of SMS, modules and apps to the Health care professionals and other community members.
Results: Out of the total 526 students were 500 teaching faculty were 9, health care workers 9 and women in reproductive age group 8. Their knowledge regarding awareness for cervical
cancer was found to be significantly different following smart phone based health education intervention.
Conclusion: Educating the students regarding cervical cancer using smart phone as a tool, increased their knowledge and this in turn lead to increased number of women undergoing pap smear and detecting cervical cancer early detection and their by reducing morbidity and mortality.