European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Cervical cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women that occurs in the cervix, considered as 2^nd common cancer that affects the women after most common breast cancer. Pap smear is a simple, cost effective, non-invasive and OPD method for early diagnosis of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous cervical lesions.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence for the support of patterns of different kinds of cervical lesions and prevalence of epithelial cell abnormalities in our study populations.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the department of Pathology in collaboration with the department of Gynaecology at ESIC hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from 01/03/2021 to 30/12/2021 with the duration of 10 months. All Pap smears were taken of women between the age group of 20-70 years in this study. A total of 150 smears were stained with Pap stain and reported by following the New Bethesda system for Reporting Cervical Cytology, 2014.
Results: Out of 150 cases, 17 (11.33%) Pap smears were reported as unsatisfactory or inadequate, 126 (84%) were NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy). Non-specific inflammatory smears were found to be more predominant among NILM. Epithelial cell abnormalities were reported in 07 (4.66%) pap smears examinations. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in 03(2%) cases, Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 01(0.66%) case, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 01(0.66%) case and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were also found in 01(0.66%) case. The most prevalent age group for epithelial cell abnormalities was 40-50 years.
Conclusion: Pap smears is an effective, non-invasive modality and useful in the detection of early diagnosis of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous cervical lesions.