European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: The opacification of the lens, known as a cataract, is one of the major causes of blindness in children. For the improvement of management strategies, epidemiological data are required. Therefore, this study was carried out to account for the visual prognosis of congenital and developmental cataract surgery. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology at a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional ethical committee. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient or parent, and detailed history was also taken and recorded. Pre-operative examinations like ophthalmic examination, including keratometry, retinoscopy, visual acuity, fundus examination, and relevant investigation were carefully done. The parents were well-pre-informed and discussed the risk, post-operative care, and benefits of surgery. Retinoscopy was used to evaluate refractive status postoperatively and continued for every follow-up. Similarly, patching was used to treat amblyopia. Patients were given optical adjustments for any remaining refractive problems. If needed, a near glass was prescribed after 6 weeks of surgery. Results: A total of 117 eyes from 68 patients who had undergone unilateral or bilateral congenital and developmental cataract surgery aged up to 18 years were studied. Among 68 patients, 39 (57.35%) and 29 (42.65%) were males and females. 35 (51.47%) patients were 1-5 years age group followed by 5-10 years 19 (27.94%), 15-18 years 8 (11.77%), and 10-15 years 06 (8.82%). Among 68 patients, 49 (72.06%) suffered from bilateral cataracts, whereas 19 (27.94%) suffered from unilateral cataracts. Significant prognosis between pre and post-BCVA with p<0.01 were observed

Aim: To determine the outcome of cataract surgery in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
Methods and Materials: 100 diabetic and 100 age-matched non-diabetic people were studied. The current research included all diabetes patients who had cataract surgery. This research comprised diabetic individuals aged 30 to 60 years. Subjects in the non-diabetic group were of similar age and gender who underwent cataract extraction within the same time period. Diabetes was diagnosed based on fasting sugar readings of higher than 120 mg/dl.
Results: The study group consisted of 100 diabetes patients, whereas the control group consisted of 100 non-diabetic individuals. At 10 days, the incidence of post-surgical visual acuity in the diabetes and non-diabetic groups was 0.17 and 0.24, respectively. After three months, the incidence of post-surgical visual acuity in the diabetes and non-diabetic groups was 0.33 and 0.40, respectively. When comparing the means, the findings were non-significant. The difference in post-operative visual acuity between the two research groups at various time intervals. Striate keratopathy was the most prevalent post-surgical complication in both the diabetes and non-diabetic groups (15% vs 9%) respectively. Posterior capsular opacity 13(13%) and 7(7%), and Posterior capsular rent 12% and 9% in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively, were followed by Pigment dispersion 11% and 8% in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Conclusion: We conclude that diabetic patients should not be refused for cataract surgeries. However, there is need for taking extra- precautions as diabetic subjects might be more prone for surgical associated complications.

Background: Cataract extraction was commonly carried out using Retrobulbar anaesthesia. Use of this technique is rarely associated with  serious complications like retrobulbar hemorrhage, globe perforation, optic nerve injury.Due to these complications many ophthalmologists replaced retrobulbar anaesthesia with peribulbar anaesthesia. However peribulbar anaesthesia does not prevent serious complications totally, although these probably      occur less frequently. Even with a two injection technique, it has sometimes an excessive rate of imperfect blockade and pain. Subtenon anaesthesia provides a quicker onset of anaesthesia, better akinesia and more consistency in effectiveness and better patient compliance. Objectives:To compare the safety and efficacy of subtenon’s anaesthesia and peribulbar anaesthesia in Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery.Methodology: Study was carried out during the period from January 2018 to July 2019.The study was conducted on 100 randomly selected patients fulfilling the criteria .The study was conducted at Mediciti Institute Of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur Telangana,India. Results: Intra operative pain was dramatically lower in subtenon group of patients with significantly fewer patients experiencing unacceptable levels of pain. Subtenon group of patients had good analgesia but surgeons had to operate under incomplete akinesia. Peribulbar anaesthesia had an upper hand in terms of intra operative akinesia when compared with subtenon anaesthesia Intra operative lid movements were slightly more in subtenon group of patients. The incidence of chemosis was almost comparable in both the groups. Subconjunctival haemorrhage was more in subtenon group as compared with patients in peribulbar group Conclusion: From the results it can be concluded that that subtenon form of anaesthesia is as safe as peribulbar anaesthesia, giving good analgesia during surgery.

Introduction: The regional anaesthesia for cataract surgery is associated with lesser respiratory and hemodynamic events and quick recovery of function than general anaesthesia.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of a nepafenac punctal plug delivery system (N-PPDS) after cataract surgery.
Methods: The investigation was carried out in a single Indian clinical setting. It is a single-center, randomised, parallel-arm, double-masked, prospective pilot research. Thirty-eight participants (aged 22 and higher) with predicted postcataract correctable distant vision of 20/30 or better and lower puncta enabling dilatation up to 1.0 mm were included in the study (N-PPDS group). All of the eyes had standard unilateral cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. Postoperative ocular discomfort and inflammation were used as primary and secondary efficacy measures, respectively.
Results: The experimental N-PPDS group had 38 patients, while the control group included 18 individuals. The N-PPDS group had a substantially greater proportion of pain-free patients (22/32 [69%] after 3 days, P =.038; and 24/36 [67%] at 7 days, P =.018). The N-PPDS group had a larger percentage of pain-free patients (15/29 [52 percent]) at all visits (P =.001). At 7 days, the N-PPDS group had good anterior chamber cell scores (patients with no anterior chamber cells: 18/36 [50%]; P =.034). At 14 days, the plug retention rate was 98 percent (55/56).
Conclusion: Adverse events associated with the punctal plug therapy occurred in 1 case of the N-PPDS group involving placement. The N-PPDS was shown to be both safe and effective in the treatment of ocular discomfort and inflammation following cataract surgery.