European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is the most frequent and most severe form of pemphigus, occurring universally, usually between 40 and 60 years of age. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Pemphigus Vulgaris in a known population.
Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of 6 months in the Department of Dermatology, L. N. Medical College & Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (India) to assess the prevalence of Pemphigus Vulgaris in a known population. All the participating patients were asked to fill up a simple performa. The P-values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate statistical significance. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Results: A total of 490 subjects were included in the study. Out of which 80 subjects had Pemphigus vulgaris (16.32%). Pemphigus vulgaris was prevalent in females (80%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of Pemphigus vulgaris in a known area was 16.32% & it was prevalent in females

INTRODUCTION: The vesiculobullous lesions of the skin are a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by the formation of vesicles/blister and are associated with variable clinical manifestations and have multiple causes.
The immunobullous disease are mainly a consequence of pathogenic autoantibodies which target those antigens which mainly function to maintain either cell to cell adhesion within the epidermis or adhesion of stratified squamous epithelium to dermis or mesenchyme.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was prospective and observational case series carried out in the Department of Pathology, SBKS MI&RC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara in the time period of January 2019 to July 2020. In the study 30 punch biopsies of patients taken from their cutaneous or mucocutaneus lesions were fixed, processed and stained stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and examined light microscopy.
RESULT: Total 30 cases as per inclusion criteria were included in present study. Peak incidence is seen in the age group of 40-50 years with a slight female prepondarance. The most common morphological presentation was in the form of blister/vesicle. Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common lesion(47%) encountered followed by Pemphigus Foliaceous in 3 (10%) cases and Bullous Pemphigoid in 3 (10%) cases, Dariers Disease and Hailey Hailey Disease showed 2 (6.6%) cases each, a single case each of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Irritant Contact Dermatitis and Pemphigus Herpetiformis.
CONCLUSIONS: The highest incidence of vesiculobullous disorders is seen in the age age group of 40- 50 years and M:F ratio being 1:1.14. Pemphigus Vulgaris is the most prevalent disorder. On light microscopy, the most common site of blister formation is suprabasal. The diagnosis could be made on the basis of clinical features or histopathological features alone (70%) or their correlation in 90% of the cases.