European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background:The sinoatrial node, or pacemaker of the heart, is a small mass of histologically distinct myocardial cells. The present study was conducted to assess origin of sinuatrial nodal artery in human cadaveric heart specimens.
Materials & Methods: 45 formalin fixed adult human cadaveric heart of either gender obtained in Anatomy department were studied. The coronary arteries were dissected and analyzed for the origin of sinoatrial nodal artery and observations were noted.
Results: Out of 45 hearts, 25 were of males and 20 were of females. Origin of sinoatrial nodal artery was from right coronary artery in 27 and left coronary artery in 18 specimens. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Knowing the variations in the blood supply of SA node and study of origin and distribution of sinoatrial nodal artery helps cardiologist and cardiac surgeons to understand the ischemic etiology of sinus node diseases and corrective steps needed.

Background: Cardiovascular disease in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy is of major growing concern. The commonly  used  chemotherapeutic  regimen have cardiotoxic effects  including  doxorubicin, trastuzumab and  other agents .these  have  acute  effects  on  cardiac  function and  longterm effects  on cardiac  remodelling  and  function. There have been a few studies on this regard, Hence we  aimed  to investigate  the  early  effects  of chemotherapy  on cardiac  function  in addition to association  of N –terminal  pro-brain  natriuretic  peptide and  echocardiagraphic indices.
Methods: This is a prospective, single-center study including 100 patients who received a breast cancer diagnosis in the Government Royapettah Hospital between July 2021 and April 2022 before beginning chemotherapy. Before beginning chemotherapy (baseline -T1), the day following the conclusion of the second cycle (T2), and the day following the conclusion of the fourth cycle (T3), 2D echocardiography was performed on all patients enrolled.
Results: It showed that the mean age of the subjects was 44.2 ± 8.80 years. Out of all the subjects, 40% had breast cancer of right side and 60% had breast cancer of left side. Thirty percent subjects had diabetes and 40% had hypertension. Maximum subjects had undergone surgery (70%). The chemotherapy regimen followed in most of the subjects was ACP- regimen in 70% subjects, followed by 20% having CMF- regimen and 10% having TCH-regimen. It was seen that out of all the variables, only TAPSE, and S’–TV have significant difference at T1, T2 and T3. In our study 20 % had LV systolic dysfunction, 20% had LV diastolic dysfunction and 30% had RV systolic dysfunction which correlate with NT pro BNP values.
Conclusion: Tissue Doppler echocardiography is currently used and is sufficient for providing chemotherapy patients with effective cardiac care in places with limited resources. Our study also enlighten that Echo should performed at T1 and T3 stage for all chemotherapy patients with focus on RV function as it is the earlier marker for cardiotoxicity. Future molecular mechanisms will facilitate the use of medications that operate on certain molecular targets to treat cardiotoxicity

Background: The sinoatrial node, or pacemaker of the heart, is a small mass of histologically distinct myocardial cells. The present study was conducted to assess origin of sinuatrial nodal artery in human cadaveric heart specimens. Materials & Methods: 45 formalin fixed adult human cadaveric heart of either gender obtained in Anatomy department were studied. The coronary arteries were dissected and analyzed for the origin of sinoatrial nodal artery and observations were noted. Results: Out of 45 hearts, 25 were of males and 20 were of females. Origin of sinoatrial nodal artery was from right coronary artery in 27 and left coronary artery in 18 specimens. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Knowing the variations in the blood supply of SA node and study of origin and distribution of sinoatrial nodal artery helps cardiologist and cardiac surgeons to understand the ischemic etiology of sinus node diseases and corrective steps needed.

Background: To assess the outcomes of smoking cessation in post-ischemic heart diseases.
Materials & methods: 60 smokers at the time of the first episode of ischemic heart diseases were enrolled. All the subjects belong to the age group of 40 to 60 years. Complete details of all the patients were obtained. A clinical examination of all the patients was carried out. Follow up was done at regular intervals. Risk evaluation was done at all intervals. A correlation between these was done with smoking cessation habits. All the results were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Out of 60 patients, 41.67% of the patients quit smoking while the remaining 58.33% of the patients continued smoking. Out of 25 patients with smoking cessation, mortality occurred in 3 patients. Out of 35 patients who continued smoking, mortality occurred in 15 patients. The survival rate was higher in smoking cessation cases.
Conclusion: Smoking cessation helps to improve outcomes among patients with post-ischemic heart diseases.