European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: The deficiency of snake bite management in such areas is multi-causal and requires joint collaborative efforts from researchers, anti-venom manufacturers, policy makers, public health authorities and international funders. Coagulopathy is a common manifestation in some of these cases and its abnormality can be detected by blood coagulation tests.¹⁷ There are very few references in the literature related to coagulation parameter abnormalities after snake bite. Therefore this study was undertaken to study hematological profile of snake bite cases. Aim & Objective: 1. To study the role of coagulation markers to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of snake bite victims.2. study the haematological profile in snake bite patients.3. To determine incidence of vasculotoxic snake bite among all snake bite in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study. Study setting: Pathology Department of tertiary care centre. Study population: All patients admitted in tertiary care center with history of snake bite. Sample size:100. Results: majority of patients of snake bite belongs to age group 31-40 yrs contributing 28 % of total cases, followed by age group 21-30 (27%). Also it was seen that 70 % of snake bite cases belongs in age group 21-50 yr. majority of patients with history of snake bite were males contributing 65%. Snake bites were more common in males as compared to females (35%). Among identified snake bites the most common species involved was Russel viper (48.98%) followed by cobra (31.91%) and common krait (19.14%). Majority of snake bite patients showed vasculotoxic manifaestations (67%) attributable to viperine bites. 33 % snake bite victims showed neuroparalytic manifaestations. 27% snake bite patients have APTT > 30 seconds.26% of snake bite victims had PT> 15 sec .44% had platelet count <100000. Increased leucocyte count > 11000 was seen in 62% patients and 54% victims showed WBCT>20 minutes. Survival rate of snake bite cases was 93 %. Mortality rate of snake bite victims was 7%. Association between Prothrombin time and mortality among snake bite patients statistically significant at p>.05. Conclusions:  First line of coagulation markers PT, APTT should be considered as first line of investigations for any suspected coagulation abnormality in snake bite patients.

Background: The study of coagulation can be traced back to about 400 BC and to the father of Medicine, Hippocrates. The liver is the cornerstone of the coagulation system. The liver is the site of synthesis of fibrinogen and factors Ⅱ, Ⅴ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ and Ⅻ. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is synthetized by the endothelium. When both cellular and plasmatic coagulation are defective, represents a hallmark of advanced liver disease. There is substantial overlap in the hemostatic abnormalities observed in the patients with acute infectious or toxic hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis, the severity of hepatocellular dysfunction is typically more informative than the etiology.
Aim & Objective:
1. To determine the coagulative abnormalities among liver disease patients admitted in medicine wards.
2. To study the association of coagulation abnormalities with the extent or severity of liver disease.
Methods: Study design: A Cross sectional study. Study setting: Department of pathology. Study duration: June 2019 to June 2020.
Study population: All patients of acute and chronic liver disease admitted to medicine wards in tertiary care hospital such cases included in the study.
Sample size: 200
Results: most common age group was between 31-40yrs of age, i.e., 32% of total patients. 174 (87%) were male population and 26 (13%) were female population.78(39%) cases of cirrhosis, 46(23%) cases of hepatitis, 44(22%) cases of Alcoholic liver disease, and 32(16%) cases of other liver diseases. patients showed coagulation abnormalities considering different parameters i.e., PT, APTT, Platelet count individually or in combinations, and 11(5.5%) patients showed normal test results. About 87% (174/200) had prolonged PT. Mean PT in present study was 28.33±22.29. P value was <0.05 i.e., 0.013 which was statistically significant
Conclusions: Cirrhosis was the most common pathology amongst the study subjects. The PT was most abnormal test among all tests performed. The platelet count and APTT were the least frequently abnormal test. Hence PT was most significant coagulation test among other tests. The proportion of raised PT was highest in alcoholic liver disease and lowest in case of other liver diseases. Coagulation abnormalities were significantly associated with the extent of liver diseases.

Background: The study of coagulation can be traced back to about 400 BC and to the father of Medicine, Hippocrates. Liver is an important organ of the body having functions of synthesis of plasma proteins and a range of blood clotting factors being produced, some of them exclusively in the organ. All of them are deranged in various liver disorders .Liver plays a predominant role in the regulation of haemostasis. Both cellular and plasmatic coagulation are defective, representing a hallmark of advanced liver disease. Laboratory tests, coagulation tests and liver function tests are useful in the evaluation, management and assessment of prognosis. They provide a sensitive, noninvasive method of screening for the presence of liver dysfunction.
Aim & Objective: 1.To study the proportion of coagulative abnormalities among liver disease patients admitted in medicine wards.2.To study the association of coagulation abnormalities with the extent or severity of liver disease. 3. To predict severity in cirrhosis patients by using Child-Pugh-Turcotte score.
Methods: Study design: Prospective Cross sectional study. Study setting: Department of pathology of tertiary care center. Study duration: April 2021 to April 2022.
Study population: All patients of acute and chronic liver disease admitted to medicine wards in tertiary care hospital such cases included in the study.
Sample size: 200
Results: Majority of cases found in age group of 31-40yrs of age, i.e., 32% of total patients. 174 (87%) were male population and 26 (13%) were female population.78(39%) cases of cirrhosis, 46(23%) cases of hepatitis, 44(22%) cases of Alcoholic liver disease, and 32(16%) cases of other liver diseases. patients showed coagulation abnormalities considering different parameters i.e., PT, APTT, Platelet count individually or in combinations, and 11(5.5%) patients showed normal test results. About 87% (174/200) had prolonged PT. Mean PT in present study was 28.33±22.29. P value was <0.05 i.e., 0.013 which was statistically significant
Conclusions: Majority of cases presented with cirrhosis. The PT was most abnormal test among all tests performed. The platelet count and APTT was the least frequently abnormal test. Hence PT was most significant coagulation test among other tests. The proportion of raised PT was highest in alcoholic liver disease and lowest in case of other liver diseases. Coagulation abnormalities were significantly associated with the extent of liver diseases.