European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: The present study compared hounsfield unit of CT with grey scale value of CBCT for hypo and hyperdense structure. Materials & Methods:15 human dry skulls were subjected to MSCT and CBCT and hyperdense areas of enamel, cortical, and cancellous bones and hypodense areas of mental foramen, inferior alveolar canal and extraction socket within the mandible were assessed. Results: For extraction socket CT had -860.5 HU and CBCT had -740.5 grey scale, for mandibular canal CT had -560.2 HU and CBCT had -726.4 grey scale, mental foramen had CT of -432.6 HU and CBCT had -458.6 grey scale, cancellous bone had CT had 346.2 HU and CBCT had 416.2 grey scale and cortical bone had CT 1880.4 HU and CBCT had 1652.8 grey scale. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: The gray value for hypodense structures in large volume CBCT scan was more reliable and analogous to HU value in MSCT.

Background: Computerized tomography has been a revolutionary advance in the field of diagnostics. The present study was conducted to assess role of computed tomography in evaluation of pancreatic pathologies. Materials & Methods: 100 patients with pancreatic pathologies were subjected to Philips Ingenuity CT Scanner (128 slices) for the acquisition of the CT scan images. In all patients, clinical presentation and CT scan findings were recorded.
Results: Age group of 41-50 years (26 %). 21 patients presented in 51-60 years. 18 patients (18%) presented in both 21-30 years and 31-40 years age group each. 9 patients (9%) in 61-70 years age group, 3 patients (3%) in 71-80 years age group, and 2 patients (2%) in 0-10years and 11-20 years age group each. 1 patient (1%) in 81-90 age group. 1 case (1%) was of congenital abnormality (Annular pancreas), 61 cases (61%) were of inflammatory pathologies, 27 cases (27%) were of non inflammatory mass lesions (tumors), 7 cases (7%) were of trauma and 4 cases (4%) were of miscellaneous pathologies.
Conclusion: CT is highly accurate for determining the nature and extent of pancreatic lesions and plays a valuable role in assessing patients with inflammatory/non inflammatory lesions of pancreas, pancreatic trauma and pancreatic tumours.

Accurate localization of the seizure onset zone is important for better seizure outcomes and preventing
deficits following epilepsy surgery. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have increased our
understanding of the underlying etiology and improved our ability to noninvasively identify the seizure
onset zone. Using epilepsy-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols, structural MRI allows
better detection of the seizure onset zone, particularly when it is interpreted by experienced
neuroradiologists. Ultra-high-field imaging and postprocessing analysis with automated machine learning
algorithms can detect subtle structural abnormalities in MRI-negative patients. Tractography derived from
diffusion tensor imaging can delineate white matter connections associated with epilepsy or eloquent
function, thus, preventing deficits after epilepsy surgery. Arterial spin-labeling perfusion MRI,
simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-functional MRI (fMRI), and magnetoencephalography
(MEG) are noninvasive imaging modalities that can be used to localize the epileptogenic foci and assist in
planning epilepsy surgery with positron emission tomography, ictal single-photon emission computed
tomography, and intracranial EEG monitoring. These advanced structural and functional imaging
modalities can be combined with postprocessing methods to better understand the epileptic network and
obtain valuable clinical information for predicting long-term outcomes in pediatric epilepsy.