European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Aims & Objectives:Clinico-pathological analysis of all cases diagnosed as MM. To find genetic abnormalities by cytogenetics & fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) in this heterogenous group.
Material and Method: All the cases of MM diagnosed between January 2012 to July 2014 were included in the study. The clinical details including presentation, electrophoresis, renal parameters were taken from clinical records. The bone marrow slides were retrieved and reviewed. Conventional cytogenetics and FISH analysis was performed in 14 and 8 patients respectively.
Results: The study included 45 patients in the age range of 40-82 years with male predominance (M:F=1.5:1). Most of the patients (21) presented with complaints of back pain and weakness. Renal dysfunction was seen in 29 patients with mean creatinine of 2.5mg/dl. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed M band in 19 cases. The bone marrow plasma cell ranged from 15% to 90%. The commonest morphology was that of Marshalko type whereas plasmablastic type was rare. The cytogenetic abnormalities detected were aneuploidy, trisomy 1 and 9, 13q deletion.
Conclusion: This study reflects our experience of 45 patients of MM with respect to clinical features, bone marrow morphology and cytogenetic analysis.

BACKGROUND and OBJECTIVE: The incidence of multiple myeloma varies among different ethnic group and among different countries but from past few years its incidence is increasing in Asian countries. In India due to financial constraints, lack of adequate health infrastructure and lack of knowledge among people lead to delay in the treatment of Multiple Myeloma and it became a challenge to medical field in India. The objective of the study is to study the various parameters and its incidence in Multiple Myeloma patients.
METHODS: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the department of medicine and oncology of tertiary care hospital of north India. Data was taken from 2015-2022, 102 cases of multiple myeloma was diagnosed out of which 2 were excluded. The diagnosis was made based on the International Myeloma Working Group: Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorder. The demographic profile, clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters were studied.
RESULTS: Multiple Myeloma was most common in 5^th decade with male predominance and more common in urban population. Most common symptom was bone pain 63 (63%) and weight loss (9%) least common.  65% had anaemia, 18% had renal insufficiency and 34% had hypercalcemia. All of the patients had M-band in gamma globulin region with 48% had ISS stage 1. 70(70%) had lytic lesions in the skull.
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: To conclude majority of the patients of Multiple Myeloma were males and majority were farmers. Majority of patients were from urban area. Bone pain being the most common symptom followed by the fatigue. Anaemia and Hypercalcemia were less common in our study population. Most of the patients had ISS stage 1. The presentation of MM varies among patients and with adequate health infrastructure better outcome and early diagnosis of multiple myeloma will be there.

Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy of the plasma cells with evidence of bone marrow infiltration. It is accompanied with extramedullary plasmacytomas. There are a variety of possible treatment options, but this review focuses on allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Allogeneic bone marrow transplant is commonly known as stem cell transplantation. From the review, the results suggest that this can be used as a treatment option for fit young individuals as compared to older individuals. It also shows better results during the early stages relative to the later stages with poor prognosis. In conclusion, allogeneic bone marrow transplant can help treat multiple myeloma, but it depends on factors such as age, stage of cancer, fitness of the individual.