European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Severe Acute respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2/COVID 19) infection was firstly described in Wuhan, China during December 2019. Covid 19 patient can present with numerous clinical presentations ranging from Asymptomatic to critical clinical courses. HRCT thorax findings proved to be crucial in assessing the clinical course of patients requiring treatment.
Materials And Methods: It was a cross sectional study done in Dr D Y Patil Medical College. Patients >12 years of age who were RT PCR Positive for COVID 19 and met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. After which they were categorized in to mild moderate category according to guidelines. HRCT was done for all patients and CT severity score was also assessed
Results: We evaluated a sample population of 100 patients. The most predominant symptoms in the moderate category were shortness of breath. The most common radiological abnormality noted was Ground glass opacity (50%) with 43patients in mild and 7 patients in moderate category. Lung involvement in mild stage was only 20 to 40% when compared to that of moderate category where the lung involvement was 50 to 60% and this showed statistical significance
Conclusion: CT scoring could help to identify patient’s risk and predict outcome of patient with COVID 19 Pneumonia. The extent of lung involvement is highly correlated with parameters of disease such as clinical staging. Finally, our study strongly supports the use of chest CT in patient with the covid 19 pneumonia, which could be used as a tool for rapid and effective method to evaluate the lung involvement. It can also help in taking clinical decision

Background: Due to its high resolution, low radiation dosage, and short screening time, cone beam computed tomography, an outstanding diagnostic 3D imaging modality that was recently developed for dento-maxillofacial imaging, is becoming more helpful. The purpose of this study was to analyse dentistry students' and general dental practitioners' awareness, knowledge, and attitudes concerning CBCT.
Materials and Methods: To measure their knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding CBCT, 400 dental students and dental practitioners were given questionnaire. The replies of the participants were analysed using descriptive statistics, and the Chi-square test was employed to statistically analyse the variations in responses based on education level.
Results: The findings revealed that Post Graduate students were the most informed and aware of CBCT, followed by Interns, final BDS students, and General Practitioners.
Conclusion:The findings show that general practitioners are unaware of CBCT and have little expertise about it. As a result, it is suggested that more CDEs and workshops on diverse uses of CBCT be held in order to raise understanding and awareness among general practitioners.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented surge in hospitalised patients with viral pneumonia. Chest X-Ray (CXR) is one of the important, non-invasive methods and used as a preliminary investigation to detect different pulmonary abnormalities. Present study was aimed to study X-ray findings of COVID 19 from Assam medical college and hospital, Dibrugarh. Assam.
Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, prospective, observational study, conducted in patients 18-65 years age, who were confirmed cases of COVID 19 by RT PCR or RAT testing.
Results: In present study, 220 patients satisfying study criteria were evaluated. Chest X ray abnormalities were noted in 48.18% cases initially, while in 2.73% cases, initial normal CXRs later became abnormal. 5.91% CXRs had unilateral abnormalities while 42.27% CXRs had bilateral abnormalities. Symmetrical abnormal findings was noted in 21.82% as compared to asymmetrical abnormal findings in 20.45% cases. CXRs lesion distribution was peripheral location (35.91%), central location (5.91%) & combined peripheral and central location (6.36%). Localization of abnormalities in CXRs was in Lower, Middle & upper zone in 32.73%, 10.45% & 5% respectively. Common specific radiographic abnormalities were Ground glass opacities (GGOs) (42.73%), Consolidation (23.64%), Nodularity (0.91%), Reticular opacity (5.91%) & Pleural effusion (9.55%), Severity score in present study was mild, moderate & severe in 33.18%, 11.82% & 3.18% cases respectively.
Conclusion: Chest X-ray is a valuable tool in better management of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its lower sensitivity compared with CT scans, its inherent advantages such as reasonable cost, broad range of use, and rapid speed make it indispensable.

Radiology is an essential aid to the diagnosis, treatment planning and monitoring of oral diseases. Advances in imaging technology have revolutionized our ability to study image and understand pathology on a macroscopic level. Digital radiology is the next step in the evolution of radiology, its features like significant reduction in radiation exposure, the ability to digitally manipulate the captured image to produce a more diagnostic image,
reduction in time between exposure and image interpretation, and digital documentation of patient’s records make it a valuable diagnostic aid in hands of a clinician. New diagnostic modalities, like computed tomography has revolutionized dental diagnosis by multi planar reconstructions and allowing virtually any view to be selected, making three dimensional imaging possible by a few clicks on the computer. Hence; we aim to summarize some of the important aspects of role of Computed tomography in jaw lesions.

Objective: This study focused on the evaluation of the knowledge and x-rays of specific dental professionals with highlight in view of education on these regularradiographic practices.
Materials and methods: A poll was conveyed among 500 dentists of Odisha, India, which were based demographic details including the use of radiographic intraoperative devices.
Results: All private experts were utilizing conventional X-ray machines. 85% said that dental X- ray beams were hurtful. 92% knew about NCRP/ICRP , 71% aware of ALARA principle, while just 56% knew about AERB rules. Yet, certain radiation protective estimates like utilizing lead apron, lead barriers and position distance rule were not followed by the greater part of the private specialists.
Conclusions: The current study shows that majority of dentists in Odisha didn’t practice rehearse Methods for radiation safety to restrict patients' excessive contact to radiation. To improve the overall dentists' radioactive knowledge-dose control procedure, efforts must be made and technical education.

Background:
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a diversified group of entities affecting the pulmonary
vasculature. Early detection is pivotal in the appropriate treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
The initial and the simplest step in the detection of pulmonary hypertension is the performance
of a combination of chest radiography, transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, and ECG.
Methodology:
An extensive literature review on the role of radiology and clinical medicine in pulmonary
hypertension complication.
Results:
The study showed that Computed Tomography (CT) was the best imaging modality in the
determination of the early onset of PH. Multiple clinical medicines like epoprostenol, nitric
oxide, iloprost, and imatinib have been used to enhance and improve the exercise capacity,
cardiac output, and hemodynamic function of the patient suffering from PH.
Conclusion:
No meaningful decrease in the time from the onset of symptoms to the PH diagnosis has been
achieved in the last 20 years. However, multiple detection methods, such as the introduction of
radiology and the use of texture-based lung graph models, have been slowly bridging this gap.
Newer techniques in radiology will help in early detection of the disease and thus help in
controlling it.

Artificial Intelligence is a progressive, rapidly developing field. It has the potential to ease diagnosis, treatment and care of patients. It is vital that medical professionals are aware about Artificial Intelligence and its scope in health care. Artificial Intelligence has the capability to ease diagnosis and care. The future of medicine is Artificial Intelligence based. A survey was carried to assess the awareness levels about Artificial Intelligence and its scopes in Healthcare. A questionnaire was circulated among medical and healthcare professionals. The total participation for the study was 100. The results were collected and tabulated to be analysed using SPSS windows version 20. There was an overall positive response from the participants. 92% believed that Artificial Intelligence is the future of medicine. Recent advancements have made it imperative that the healthcare workers be aware of Artificial intelligence and its scopes. Artificial Intelligence is reaching the medical field. It is a reality that a certain level of hyperbole seems to have taken over the discussion of Artificial Intelligence in healthcare. On one hand, healthcare industrialists and researchers highlight the need for high quality health data, on the other hand, physicians are still waiting for evidence of the usefulness of these tools and wonder who will be held responsible in case of an injury due to the tool, and the other ethical factors associated with it. It can be concluded that the participants had a moderate level of knowledge about Artificial Intelligence and its scopes, which can be improved.