European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Menstruation is generally considered unclean in the Indian society though its a
physiological process indicating beginning of reproductive life. Several prohibitions and the
negative attitude of parents in discussing the related issues openly have blocked the access of
adolescent girls to the right kind of information. Various studies indicate that a huge
information gap exists among rural and urban adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene.
The data about the level of knowledge and practices which are followed by them with respect
to menses are beneficial in planning a program for improving the awareness level with
respect to their quality of life.
Materials and Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from July
2018 to September 2018 on 708 school going adolescent girls of Gadag district, Karnataka.
Girls between age group 11 to 18 years were included. Data was collected by a predesigned,
pretested questionnaire.
Result: Awareness of menstruation was only among 12.07% of rural school girls and 38.09%
among urban school girls. The first source of information regarding menstruation was mother
in 8o% and only 17% from friends in both urban and rural girls. 18% of urban school girls
always missed school and 35% of urban girls missed sometimes. Only 5.39% girls in rural
areas always missed and 15.57% in rural areas missed sometimes. 76.22% girls from rural
schools used sanitary pads and 68.31% of girls used in urban schools. Around 50% of girls
both in rural as well as urban schools changed their pads twice a day. It was found that among
the urban school girls 70.45 % of them disposed the sanitary pads by wrapping it in a paper,
10.82% flushed it in the toilets. In the rural schools, surprisingly 71.53% of them buried the
sanitary pads, 7.56% flushed it and only 20.83% of them wrapped it in a paper. 40.93% of
urban girls and 34.52% of rural school girls still practiced in the social taboos like diet
restrictions, not attending religious functions or places of workshop.
Conclusion: There a need for adequate information both in rural and urban school girls. The
knowledge about hygienic practices is lacking. There is also a need to address social taboos in
both the groups. There is a need to emphasise on significance and physiological implications
of menstruation.

Background: Menstruation is a normal physiological process and determines reproductive health. Poor menstrual hygiene can lead to various urinary tract, vaginal infections, skin infections or even pelvic inflammatory disease.
Aims: To assess the knowledge of menstrual hygiene among women of reproductive age group i.e.; 15-49 years attending the OPD of a tertiary care hospital and to assess their attitude and practices regarding the same.
Methods: A cross sectional observation study where an interview was conducted among 100 women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) attending the OPD clinic of our hospital over a period of 6 months and data was analysed according to that.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 32.43 ± 7.74 years. Out of 100 participants, 68% had good overall knowledge regarding menstruation.62% were using commercially available disposable sanitary napkins, 28% were using washable cloth and 10% were using homemade reusable cloth napkins. 70% of the participants were practicing good menstrual hygiene practices. 45% of the participants had local complaints suggestive of reproductive/urinary tract infection associated during menstruation out of whom 35% were not following satisfactory menstrual hygiene practices.
Conclusion: Menstrual hygiene is an important aspect of reproductive women's health. Unsatisfactory menstrual hygiene management acts as a risk factor for reproductive tract infections. This calls for spreading awareness to bring about a change in attitude and practices regarding the same.

Introduction:
Disabilities are nuanced and multifaceted; 15% of the world's population is disabled and has trouble working. Deaf and dumb cause major lifestyle changes and habits among adolescent girls that lead to physical, psychological, and social adjustment issues. Menstruation is a normal physiological process every teenage girl experiences every month. The ability to manage menstruation hygienically is essential to the dignity and wellbeing of women, which is an integral part of basic hygiene, sanitation and reproductive health services. Objective: To determine the existing knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among specially abled adolescent girls at selected centres in Bhubaneswar(BBSR). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2020 and November 2020 in Bhubaneswar town of Odisha. Total census sample of 22 deaf and mute adolescent girls from B.B.C Govt High School for the Deaf (Unit III), Bhubaneswar. A questionnaire consisting of three parts namely Part A: Sociodemographic and obstetrical and gynaecological information; Part B: Menstrual hygiene knowledge questionnaire; and Part C: Menstrual hygiene practice checklist. Results:The finding of the study reported that 45.46 per cent had moderately adequate knowledge on menstrual hygiene; 27 per cent of study participants had proportionately inadequate and adequate knowledge of menstrual hygiene, and 86.37 per cent had reported good practice in menstrual hygiene.The Mean and SD of Knowledge score was 37.958 ,Practice was 8.50 and Karl Pearson Correlation (r =0.26, p=0.23) estimated that there was no significant positive fair correlation between knowledge score and practice score. Conclusion: Good menstrual hygiene triggers women's health, trust and self-esteem and is linked to gender equality and fundamental human rights. Setting realistic time-limited targets, including education (Videos and Information Booklets) on hygienic practices followed during menstruation using sign language for deaf and mute adolescent girls, would be a welcome effort to provide basic hygiene and reproductive services to specially-enabled girls and women.

Adolescence is an important period of transition from girlhood to womanhood. Menstruation is the physiological process that indicates the onset of puberty. The practice of menstrual hygiene also depends on socioeconomic, cultural and religious differences. Menstrual hygiene plays an important role in the overall health of women. The aim of the study is to analyse the knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in the Chennai population. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 102 girls of Chennai population to analyse their knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene through an online survey. A self administered questionnaire was prepared with 10 closed ended questions and circulated among the parents through online survey forms “Google forms”. The responses were collected and statistically analysed by SPSS using chi square test. The results were represented by bar charts and frequency tables.Among the 102 participants 98.8% of them are aware of menstrual hygiene 96.1% of the girls use sanitary pads as the absorbent, and about 99% of them dispose of their used absorbents in dustbins. 94.1% have knowledge on the effect of not following good menstrual hygiene. The study concludes that the girls of Chennai population have adequate knowledge and good practice of menstrual hygiene