European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The aim of the present case report was to present a novel technique for treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion using implant supported class II elastics. MBT 0.022 fixed mechanotherapy was employed along with a total of four power headed implants which were placed between lower 1st and 2nd molars and upper central and laterals to attach class II elastics. After seven months of implant supported mandibular advancement Class I molar relations were achieved and overjet was eliminated with a reduction in profile convexity. Based on our literature search no such technique has been reported.

This paper focuses on the biomedical implants of bone plates with biodegradable Magnesium composites. ZK30 Mgalloy metal matrix reinforced with five weight fractions ofHydroxyapatite (HAP), have been fabricated using powder metallurgy manufacturing process followed by hot extrusion process. Properties such as Tensile and compression tests were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used for surface fracture analysis. The results obtained shows that the maximum ultimate tensile strength was attained at ZK30 Mg alloy while the least was noted for ZK30/10wt%HAP. In addition, ZK30/2wt%HAP shows a higher ultimate compressive strength. The SEM images of tensile specimen displays ductile fracture for ZK30 Mg alloy and quasi cleavage fracture for Mg composite whereas the compressive specimen indicates ductile fracture for ZK30 Mg alloy and Mg composites. The composite exhibited excellent mechanical properties thereby it can be used for biomedical implants of Bone plates.

Background: Mini-screw implants are a compliance-free alternative to more traditional
forms of incisor intrusion. Hence; the present study was undertaken for assessing the clinical
success of Miniscrew Implants for Orthodontic Treatment.Materials & methods:The present
study was undertaken for assessing the clinical success of Miniscrew Implants for
Orthodontic Treatment. A total of 30 patients scheduled to undergo mini-screw implants as a
part of orthodontic treatment were enrolled. Complete demographic details of all the patients
were obtained. A Performa was made and thorough details of the clinical examination of all
the patients were recorded. All the surgical procedures were carried out under adequate septic
conditions. All the patients were recalled on follow-up and success rate was assessed.
Results:Maxillary arch was involved in 70 percent of the patients. In the present study,
clinical success rate of mini-screw implants was 96.67 percent. Significant results were
obtained while comparing the success rate and failure rate. Conclusion: Miniscrew Implants
for Orthodontic Treatment are accompanied by high success rate.

Under our supervision, there were 92 patients with included and terminal defects of the dentition, who underwent prosthetics based on dental implants of the “DIO” system at the Department of Orthopedic Direction FPK TGSI
Control group (13) of the patient, “manual toothbrush” - during the entire study period, patients used only a manual toothbrush to clean the crowns on implants;
The second group (30) of patients who were prescribed a “manual toothbrush + interdental brush”, corresponding to the size of the proximal space of the orthopedic construction;
The third group (49) of patients who were prescribed a “manual toothbrush + interdental brush + irrigator”, in addition to a manual toothbrush, were prescribed an interdental brush and an oral irrigator, an irrigator Waterpik WP-660 (Aquarius) was prescribed for the oral cavity after brushing teeth twice per day for 3-5 minutes, the power of the water jet of the irrigator corresponded to mode 2.
An index assessment of the amount of plaque in the area of a fixed structure on implants was carried out using a simplified index of oral hygiene (IGR-U) (J. R. Vermillion, 1964)
The condition of the gums in the area of dental implants was assessed based on the Gingival Index (GI) - Loe & Silness, 1963.
Thus, at the beginning of the study in all three groups, the HI was low and corresponded to good implant hygiene. After 3 and 6 months, the values of those indices were significantly worse, and corresponded to the unsatisfactory hygiene of the implants. In groups 2 and 3, throughout the entire study, HI indices were optimal and corresponded to good and satisfactory implant hygiene. The indicators of the 3rd group, in which the whole complex of individual and professional methods was applied, were the most positive throughout the study, in comparison with other groups.
Analysis of the results of the Gingival Index study showed that the indicator increased in all observation groups.
In group 2 patients using manual dental and interdental brushes for cleaning the structure, by the end of the study period the index value increased to 0.95 ± 0.05 points, which corresponded to mild gingivitis of the gums in the area of implants, i.e. there was slight hyperemia and individual punctate bleeding of the gums at the probing sites. Patients of the 3rd group, using an irrigator, had minimal index values at all periods of the study, and the index values were interpreted as “normal gums”, that is, no signs of gingivitis were recorded.

The concept of nanocoatings was given by Chai et al., 1995 so as to enhance the mechanical as well as biological properties of Hap (hydroxapetite). This material does not have ideal mechanical properties and due to its bulk porosity, HAp can’t be used to take up load, and is therefore used for coating for utilizing its ductility of the substrate level. One can increase the mechanical properties of HAp by forming HAp nanocoatings. It can be achieved when HAp is united with other nanoscale based materials as secondary phase. Thin films of polymer(biodegradable) with gentamicin have been mixed to function as ‘composite coatings’ for metallic implants as well as devices which fix fractures to keep away from infections associated with implants. Calcium phosphate can imitate structure as well as composition of bone mineral called normal hydroxyapatite (HAp). Thus, it becomes a perfect alternative when thinking of an appropriate biomaterial in order to replace and imitate bone such as in case of an implant. Calcium phosphate has a special consideration on its introduction in the dental fields as it is chemically similar to bone of a human being, especially in terms of its characteristics of dissolution which enables the growth as well as regeneration in bones. Calcium phosphate nanocomposite coatings are merged with other materials which are micro or nanosized which increases its mechanical properties. Development of a newer generation of nanocomposite coating is recently being known which have nanomaterials like bioglass, carbon nanotubes as well as collagen to enhance ‘osseointegration’. The initiative of nanocoatings and nanocomposites is to develop the biological and mechanical properties of calcium phosphate and alter properties related to surface of implants which are used in dentistry to speed up the process of healing and thus nanocoatings are being introduced in dentistry

3D printing otherwise known as additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping or layered manufacturing is a relatively new, quickly growing and rapidly expanding method of manufacturing that has got numerous applications in healthcare and also in many other fields. Recently, it has become a subject of great interest in planning surgeries. Additive manufacturing method involves the production of a 3D model by laying down or adding successive layers of material. 3D printers are equipment that produces 3D models using CAD technology or 3D scanners. It has received more importance with the advancement in 3D imaging and modelling technologies such as CBCT, intraoral scanning and CAD/CAM in dentistry. Different techniques are employed in 3D printing namely stereolithography, photopolymer jetting, power binder printers, direct light processing, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modelling, electron beam melting, etc. Dental laboratories are able to produce 3D printed restorations, crowns, bridges, orthodontic appliances, surgical guides and implants quickly with higher precision and accuracy. This is done by methods that combine oral scanning, CAD/CAM designing and 3D printing. The rate of success of 3D printing has improved the quality and accuracy of dental treatment. With the application of 3D printing, it has become possible to replicate the desired complex geometry which was not feasible with conventional techniques. Thus 3D printing has led to a transformation in digital dentistry with its extensive learning and penetrating opportunities and a wide range of applications. The aim of this article was to review the techniques and current applications of 3D printing in dentistry.