European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: Among extrapulmonary infections, tuberculosis of the ankle joint is very uncommon. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis of the ankle joint is quite difficult because of its uncommon site, non-specific sign & symptoms, and negligence 
Case report: A 38-year-old female presented with right ankle pain and swelling for 3 months with a history of twisting injury to the right ankle 3 months back. She had no history of infection in the past ( at least for the last 1-2 years). The only complaint she had was recurrent pain and swelling of the right ankle joint for which she was being managed conservatively for the last 3 months. When she came to the outpatient clinic, presented with a swollen and tender right ankle joint and she was afebrile. Magnetic resonance imaging was not sufficient to conclude the diagnosis. TB arthritis was diagnosed by diagnostic arthroscopy. Eventually, anti-TB therapy eradicated the infection 
Conclusion: Early biopsy and synovial fluid for a polymerase chain reaction, gene Xpert should be performed in all suspicious cases to confirm the diagnosis and management

with chronic ankle pain and/or instability.
Methods: Retrospective review of MRI images and medical reports was performed for all
patients who required surgical treatment for chronic ankle instability at two institutions
during a four-year period. Medical reports of 22 female and 20 male patients with a mean
age of 35.9 years (17–58 years) were analysed. From 42 patients who met the inclusion
criteria, only 20 patients underwent surgery. Surgical findings were considered the gold
standard. The time interval between MRI scans and arthroscopy/surgery was 5 months (3–
10 months).
Results: MRI showed 100% sensitivity for the diagnosis of anterior talofibular ligament
(ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and 66.7% sensitivity for the diagnosis of
deltoid ligament tears. However, specificity was moderate to low, particularly for deltoid
tears. Our study also demonstrated the high accuracy of MRI in detecting chondral injury
with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Clinical tests, particularly tenderness on palpation and