European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The aim of this study is to study Observational retrospective study on maternal and fetal Outcome in preeclampsia in pregnancy.
Result: In our Study over 980cases. 200 patients was of severe preeclampsia.  780 was mild to moderate preeclampsia.  Out of with 100 have macerated iud.  400 have live birth. 200  have preterm birth. Neonatal Death 20. Birth asphyxia 160. In our study maternal age of mostly 20 to 35 taken. Mostly patient were reffered with poor antenatal counseling and coverage. They only have one to two antenatal visit.  Maximum cases 60% of preeclampsia seen at age of 26 to 35, >35 age 25 % cases and 15% below 26. In elderly primi almost 60% cases have preeclampsia. Eclampsia is mostly associated with young age primi.  Complications like HELLP syndrome mostly associated with severe preeclampsia.
Conclusion: Preeclampsia and eclampsia continue to be significant causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.Though prevention is not possible, it is important to recognise early warning symptoms and signs so that life threatening complications can be averted. Provision of quality antenatal health care services, increasing patient awareness about warning symptoms, investigations, timely delivery and intensive monitoring in the intrapartum and postpartum period have the potential to improve maternal and perinatal outcome. Education and empowerment of women and accessible health care especially to the socioeconomically deprived and rural population is the need of the hour

Perforated peptic ulcers (PPUs) is related with short-term mortality and morbidity in up to 30 and 50% of peptic ulcer patients, respectively, due to subsequent peritonitis and sepsis. Immediate surgery is the most important aspect of treatment since delay in surgery considerably increases mortality. We conducted this study with an aim to compare the intraoperative findings and postoperative outcomes of cases undergoing open repair surgical approach and laparoscopic repair surgical approach for PPUs.
Methods
We conducted this retrospective study in the department of General Surgery at the tertiary care hospital, North India 3 months (June 2021 to August 2021). The cases of both gender (age 15-70 years) with criteria of clinical diagnosis and radiological evidence of perforated peptic ulcer were the study subjects [treated with open repair method (n=90) or laparoscopic repair method (n=160)]. In our hospital, a thorough clinical examination was performed in all patients with PPU.  A pretested proforma was designed to collect the details of cases from the patient case sheet. The collected data was entered in MS Excel sheet and was analysed using the same. Tests were considered significant if p>0.05.
Results
In present study, the cases underwent open and laparoscopic repair were matched for the gender, age, body mass index, comorbidity, and ASA score for comparing the outcomes of open and laparoscopic repair of the PPU. In our study, the operative time was significantly higher in cases whose PPU was repaired with laparoscopic method (111.62±31.89 min) as compared to the cases who underwent open repair technique (87.46±28.95 min). In our study, the surgical site infection (SSIs) rates were higher in open repair group (14.4%) as compared to the laparoscopic repair group (5.6%). In our study, the mortality rates were higher in open repair group (3.3%) as compared to the laparoscopic repair group (0.0%).
Conclusion
A common surgical emergency is a perforated peptic ulcer. In order to repair the defect and flush the peritoneal cavity, patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease typically need emergency surgery. Fewer postoperative complications including a lower rate of surgical site infection and lower mortality are advantages of laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery.

Introduction : Breast cancer is by far one of the most frequent cancer in female, both in developed and developing regions. Early diagnosis and treatment will reduce the morbidity and mortality of the disease and thus it prolongs the survival of the patient. Aim of the  study is to assess  the various type of clinical and pathological patterns of presentation of operable carcinoma breast cases in local region.
Methods: This was a  Retrospective analytical  study of 200 cases of Breast Carcinoma. Relevant clinical features like age, parity ,  laterality of the tumor, mode of presentation, history of breast cancer in 1^st degree relative, fixity of the tumor and skin, and nipple-areola changes were assessed. Size, number, and location of tumor in mastectomy specimens were noted macroscopically. Microscopically, histological type, histological grade  lymphatic and blood vessel invasion, and lymph node involvement were evaluated.
Results: Most of the patient belongs to 41-50 years age group. 61% were  presented with left-sided breast Cancer. 52% presented with UOQ lump, 57%  presented with 2-5cms² sized tumor. Maximum patients complain of Lump and Pain .Around 91% of the patients Histopathological report  showed Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Mostly were  histological grade 3 tumors with Lympho-vascular invasion  was identified in 28%. Lymph nodes were involved in  54% cases. 41% of the patient were of  stage II B, followed by 22% with stage II A.
Conclusion: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), not otherwise specified (NOS), is the most common histologic type. Its frequency of occurrence far exceeds that of the other histological types. Most commonly affected age group by breast cancer is 41-50 years, and most of the patients are from post-menopausal age group. Size of the mass was more than 2 cm involving multiple quadrants of breast and with positive lymph nodes. Histologically, grade 3 tumor is most prevalent in study population. Stage II A & II B Comprise maximum patients . 

Background: The mortality rate covid-19 is still not understood completely but was reported around five percent worldwide. This study puts in an effort to find one such difference if any between the survivors when compared to the non-survivors. This study makes an effort to find the acute inflammatory proteins in the survivors in comparison with the non-survivors.
Aims and Objectives: To study the acute inflammatory proteins levels and their significance in Covid-19.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study done in the Department of Medicine, Dr. Chandramma Dayanand Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bangalore.
Results: There is a significant difference in the levels of acute inflammatory protein levels in survivors when compared to that of non-survivors.
Conclusion: This study successfully portrays the importance of acute inflammatory protein levels in understanding the progression of the disease.

A retrospective study was conducted at Dr Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati Assam in
55 patients who had undergone free flap reconstructive surgery following resection of head and neck
cancers over a period of 2 years from 2018 to 2020. General anaesthesia with either endotracheal
intubation or cuffed tracheostomy tube was used. Anterolateral thigh, radial forearm and free fibular flaps
were used for reconstruction. The mean anaesthesia time was 29.8 hours which included the time from
induction to extubation. Out of which the surgery mean time was 10.6 hours. Of the 55 free flap surgeries,
there were 4 failures, two of which were intraoperative leading to the surgeon abandoning the procedure.
Optimal utilization of advanced anaesthesia techniques as well as improvement in surgical expertise can
further increase the use as well as reduce the complications associated with free flap surgeries.