European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: To estimate the prevalence of cataract surgical coverage (CSC), its barriers, and unmet need of cataract surgical services among people above 60 years in rural population in Kerala.
Materials and Methods: The study design was community based cross-sectional survey of 340 subjects of 60 years and above using a multi stage cluster sampling technique. Participants were interviewed with pre- tested questionnaire to collect information on demographics, CSC and barriers of cataract surgery. Pen torch was used for eye examination. Data was entered in Excel and analysed by SPSS. Using appropriate bivariate and multivariate methods and gender analysis of the determinants of CSC was done.
Results: Prevalence of cataract surgery in persons operated in one or other eye was 59.6 % (women 58.7 %, men 62.9 %). CSC was lower in women  compared to men.  Barriers of surgery were experienced by 40.4 % of the people with cataract, the common reason for it being ‘no one to accompany’.
Conclusion: Gender disparities and poorer access to services in rural areas are still a challenge. Results indicate that we should continue to prioritize cataract surgical services and their augmentation, particularly among the aged and women.

Background: Tubal sterilization is an effective method of contraception that can be done or accepted at any point of time unrelated to pregnancy or the postpartum period. Majority of the women have little or incomplete knowledge about various methods of family planning which adds up to the barriers that prevent women from accepting tubal ligation like religious reasons, cultural reasons, interference by family, fear of worsening of health, fear of loss of fertility and many more.
Aim: To assess barriers in acceptance of permanent female sterilization procedures in women.
Methodology: After obtaining approval from the Hospital Ethical Committee, a cross sectional study was conducted on 100 couples who had at least 1 living children after taking written informed consent to elicit reasons as to why patients did not opt for tubal ligation.
Results: Among the reasons for not accepting permanent sterilization as their mode of contraception, maximum couples (22%) were willing to opt for temporary method of contraception over permanent method while 21% couples, out of which 18% were primiparas confessed that they wanted one or more male or female child.
Conclusion: With a lot of National programs being run by the Government of India and incentives being given at the grass root level of healthcare system for female sterilization to be successful we need to address the issues like dominance of couples in decision making, gender equality, confidence in health sector, awareness of abortion leading health risks, better techniques for improving reversal rates and reduction in failure rates

Different levels of periodontal disorders erode the periodontal attachment. In addition to stopping these diseases, we must concentrate on regenerating and replacing the tissues that have been lost. On the other hand, the integration with the soft tissues is crucial to the success of dental implants, which are regarded as a blessing in the history of contemporary dentistry. Regardless of the chosen material and design, a successful outcome can only be obtained with the healing of the soft tissue layer positioned between the implant and the bone. Numerous biomaterials and biological mediators have been developed for years in an effort to restore the injured tissues completely using less invasive methods. Several of them are cited in various articles and evaluations from different sources as being summarized here

Regular physical activity can play an important role in both the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, stroke, some cancers, osteoporosis and depression, as well as improving the lipid profile.' A met analysis of the relation between physical activity and coronary heart disease reported that the relative risk of coronary heart disease death in the least active compared with the most active was 1 9-fold.

Introduction: Besides the little governmental financial support and the few scattered clinical settings of cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR) in Egypt, there is no continuous education and/or involvement of the Egyptian physiotherapists (EPs) in the field of CVR. This cross-sectional survey aimed to determine the barriers preventing the proper implementation of EPs in the CVR program/team. Methods:Throughout 13 Egyptian cities, a soft copy of a questionnaire - developed by authors - was sent to 330 EPs who were at least in contact with cardiac patients in the different Egyptian hospitals.Results: Out of 281 respondents, 85.9 % were not familiar with the meaning and presence of an accredited CVR program from the European Society of Cardiology in Egypt, 72.9 % didn't worked before in CVR, 49.8% justified the non-engagement of EPs in CVR programs due to the disqualified and/or disvalued role of physiotherapy when compared with the medical one, and 87% recommended the need for more  education and training to be involved in the CVR team. Conclusion: Urgent institutional and organizational strategies are critically needed in the Egyptian field of physiotherapyto enhance the role of EPs in the CVR team via theoretical and practical educational programs/courses under the supervision of local and/or international experts.

The study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of policies for handling Covid-19 and its obstacles. The review uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques based on literature studies sourced from journals, online media and print media, reports from agencies, survey results, and expert input in focus group discussions. The study found that policy implementation was less than optimal due to the slow response of the Government at the beginning of the pandemic, causing the policy to handle Covid-19 to be late, inconsistencies in policies to restrict activities across countries, and procedures made it difficult for local governments to propose the implementation of large-scale social restrictions in their areas. Barriers to policy implementation include bureaucratic, structural constraints, the sub-optimal organizational performance of the Covid-19 Task Force in the regions; weak coordination between central and regional governments; unsynchronized regulations between ministries. Second, barriers to public communication, namely misalignment of statements between public officials, invalid socialization, and weak efforts to overcome misinformation and fake news from Covid-19. Resource constraints, limited health personnel, personal protective equipment, medical masks, expensive Covid-19 test costs, and unequal laboratory availability. Furthermore, not all local governments are obedient to implementing the Covid-19 handling policy and the low level of citizen compliance in the disposition aspect. Finally, government officials have not adopted a crisis leadership style for swift and decisive decision-making and action. The recommendations proposed are increasing the role of the Ministry of the interior in improving central and regional coordination, synchronizing regulations between ministries, as well as revising rules regarding the formation of a Covid-19 Handling Task Force, preparing officers and completeness of personal protective equipment as well as the availability of medical masks, and ensuring affordability of test prices Covid-19 for residents. Law enforcement regarding the spread of fake news and citizen non-compliance by establishing local regulations that impose sanctions.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of prosthodontics postgraduates about digital dentistry and its role in prosthodontia. Methods: Electronic based questionnaire was distributed among a total of 250(n=250) postgraduate students in India. Responses were obtained from four groups: Demographic details of students, Role and Benefits of digital dental technologies, Barriers towards the implementation of technology, and impact of digital dentistry in dental education. The data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software with significance levels set at P < 0.05. Results: Two hundred students (80%) responded to the survey. Most of the respondents did
not use any part of a digital workflow, and the main barriers to use were initial costs and a lack of perceived benefit over conventional methods. Conclusions: Though the usage of digital technology was limited by barriers, however, most respondents found digital technologies to be useful in fabricating definitive prosthesis with enhanced clinical outcomes and positive patient response.