European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The body of calves has high lability, the formation of its resistance and adaptive abilities are most expedient in the early stages of ontogenesis, but if the feeding, care, and maintenance conditions do not meet the requirements of the organism, animals are forced to adapt to these conditions, primarily due to increased energy costs. At the same time, the processes of all links of the metabolism are disturbed and the resistance to diseases decreases. The article presents the classification of antenatal hypotrophy of calves based on the criteria for assessing the state of clinical and zootechnical status and changes in the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of sick animals. A method for correcting the energy status of newborn calves with prenatal hypotrophy using carnitine chloride is described. Antenatal malnutrition is the pathology of the fetus, manifested by a violation of its development and arising as a pathophysiological reaction to an inadequate supply of the fetus with oxygen, nutritional and biologically active substances, or in violation of their digestibility. A comparative study of the effectiveness of the correction of metabolic disorders in calves with postnatal hypotrophy with a 10% solution of the transmitochondrial fatty acid transporter carnitine chloride at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day was carried out. The material for the study was the Holstein-Friesian calves from birth to 14 days. All calves were similar in age, body weight and were in the same conditions of housing, feeding, and care. Calves with signs of prenatal malnutrition were divided into 2 groups: experimental and control 6 animals each. The use of a 10% solution of carnitine chloride in hypotrophic calves restores the level of glucose, the main source of energy in the body, and inorganic phosphorus used for various phosphorylation processes to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP), stabilizes anabolic, transport, and catabolic processes, which together alleviate the condition of the newborn's body young with malnutrition. The recommended therapeutic approach leads to the stabilization of the energy-deficient state by optimizing the hemorrhological composition of the blood, the glucose content of the basic energy source in the body, and inorganic phosphorus used for various phosphorylation processes, reducing stress in the anaerobic metabolism system and forming reserve macroergic substrates. The implemented therapeutic measures allow, in the body of calves-hypotrophic, to restore nutritional status.

Background:Breast feeding is an essential component of maternal and child health. It has been predicted that early initiation and exclusive breast feeding are two key factors and have a protective effect against mortality and morbidity.As recommended by WHO infants, during the first six months of life, should be exclusively breastfed for optimal growth, development and good health.
Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and perception of breast-feeding practices among mothers having children in the age group of six months to three years in a selected rural area.
Methodology:A descriptive cross-sectional studywas conducted among 117 women between January to March 2019 in Mappedu,Thiruvallurdistrict, Tamil Nadu.By convenient sampling technique, 117 mothers having children between six months to three years were selected after taking informed consent.
Results:Out of the 117 women, 85.47% of them practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Out of which 83.76% were found to have awarenessabout exclusive breast feeding.87.17% of the mothers-initiated breast feeding within one hour of delivery.But around, 14.6% did not practice exclusive breast feeding and 1.7% were not having awareness about exclusive breast feeding.Exclusive breast feeding is practiced well by the mothers.The results obtained are well above the national average of 56%. It was also seen that antenatal advice on breast feeding plays an important role in sustaining appropriate breast-feeding practices.

Tribal populations in India are considered to be socio-economically the most disadvantaged group and tribal children have very poor health indicators when compared to the rest of the population. In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the nutritional status of under- five years age group among the Rabha children of Udalguri district, Assam, India. For assessing the nutritional status of children, three anthropometric indices- height for age, weight for height and weight for age, which are considered as good indicators of assessment of nutritional status were adopted. Among the 225 children who were assessed for malnutrition, 93 (41.33%) were stunted, 62 (27.56%) wasted and 68 (30.22%) underweight as per WHO Growth Standards. The prevalence of malnutrition was found more common in girls as compared to boys. Education of the mothers was found to have a strong inverse relationship with all three measures of nutritional status. Education among the parents to improve nutritional status in the children as well as modification in the lifestyle can help to decline this health concern

Cerebral palsy is a neuromuscular disease that is often complicated by
nutritional problems in children and adolescents. At the same time, violations of the
nutritional status are a frequent manifestation of the underlying disease, worsen its course
and reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation. The currently used classification of forms of
cerebral palsy does not reflect the overall severity of the disease, expressed in the degree of
impairment of motor functions, which is important in clinical practice. The article
discusses the possibility of using the GMFCS classification to assess the severity of
movement disorders in children with cerebral palsy.