European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The opportunistic Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria at the tooth-supporting system cause human periodontitis which is a persistent inflammatory disease. The anaerobic bacteria that reside there interact with the host's inflammatory responses to create a low-oxygen or hypoxic environment within the gingivitis-affected sulcus or periodontal pocket. To help tissues adapt to fluctuations in oxygen availability caused by pathology or natural occurrences, an oxygen-sensing mechanism within each cell and within each tissue is required, as well as its proper management. In this review article, the biological significance of hypoxia  with regard to periodontal/oral cellular growth, epithelial barrier function, periodontal inflammation, and immunology has been described briefly. 

Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level laser (or light) (LLLT). Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has attracted special attention and its applications in dentistry and medicine are continuously growing. Parameters of photobiomodulation, Molecular mechanisms and management of periodontitis and peri-implantitis which includes the healing responses, osseointegration, implant stability were summarized in this review.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth, resulting in tooth loss. The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the effect of scaling and root planing alone and combination of scaling and root planing (SRP) with low level Gallium Aluminium Arsenide (GaAlAs) laser therapy in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis

Aim: Aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of two local drug delivery systems in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients aged around 30–55 years were included in the present study.The enrolled patients underwent initial phase therapy which comprised scaling and root planning done by a single operator. Patients who fulfilled the selection criteria for the study were randomly allocated to two groups. Group 1: Tetracycline Fibers, Group 2: Chlorhexidine Gel. The plaque index (PI), the gingival index (GI), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) were noted during baseline visit (before the local drug delivery), and these indices were rerecorded after 30 days after the local drug delivery. Results: The reduction of mean plaque index score was seen more in group 1 compared to group 2. There was no statistically significant difference found between the groups. The reduction of mean gingival index score and periodontal pocket depth was seen maximum in group 1 compared to group 2. There was a statistically significant difference found between the groups after the intervention.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of subgingivally delivered curcumin gel and hexigel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis patients.
Materials and method:A total of 12 subjects of age 18-55years were randomly selected for the study from the Out Patient Department. A total of 36 sites with pocket depths ≥5 mm were chosen as a split mouth design at three different sites in the same patient. After scaling and root planning, in Group I -2% curcumin gel, in Group II- Chlorhexidinegel(Hexigel ) and in Group III-placebo gel (control)was placed sub-gingivally. Clinical parameters such as gingival index and plaque index were recorded at baseline, 7 days and 21 days. Pocket depth was checked at baseline, 21 and 45 days.
Results:All the groups showed statistically significant reduction in gingival, plaque indices and pocket depth. Group I(curcumin)as a local delivery agent showedcomparable results in terms of pocket depth reduction as group II (Hexigel).
Conclusion:Curcumin gel showed effective results and thus, can be used as an alternate to chlorhexidine gel in management of chronic periodontitis patient without any side effects

Abstract. The results of the effect of complex treatment on periodontal
microcirculation in patients with chronic periodontitis occurring with an iron deficiency
state.
Purpose of the study: to study periodontal microcirculation in patients with chronic
periodontitis occurring against the background of iron deficiency states.
Materials and methods: As the research sources, 100 patients who applied to the
Samarkand regional dental clinic suffering from chronic periodontitis and iron deficiency
were selected. The patients were divided into 2 groups, of which 1 main group consisted of
50 patients who received glycodent gel and an iron preparation (combined iron (II) sulfate
- sorbifer durules / ascorbic acid). The second group received the generally accepted
standard therapy for chronic periodontitis. The diagnosis of iron deficiency states was
established by determining the parameters of iron and ferritin in the blood.
Microcirculation was studied using the "Lazma" apparatus (Russia).
Results and discussion: A positive effect on microcirculation of the complex of
treatment with glycodent gel and an antianemic drug for chronic periodontitis with an iron
deficiency state was revealed.

C- reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein observed in increased quantities in plasma during the infections and presence of any inflammation, which could be a further possible risk factor in systemic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. CRP molecules help as a biological marker for the determination of the inflammatory process when obtained from the gingival crevicular fluid and there is association between periodontitis and CRP levels. These levels are found to be reduced after the non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment. Therefore, the levels of CRP would play a major role in determination of the inflammatory process.

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between haemoglobin level & severity of chronic periodontitis. This retrospective study was carried out by analysing the patient records from June 2019 to March 2020 at Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical sciences (SIMATS).Two forty four patients were included in the study. Parameters assessed were a)Demographic details – Patient name, Patient identity number, Age & Sex; b)Periodontal parameters – Probing pocket depth (PDD), Loss of attachment (LOA), Bleeding on probing (BOP), Severity of Periodontitis (mild, moderate & severe);c) Blood parameters - Haemoglobin levels (g/dl). Data was analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Bivariate Pearson correlation of Haemoglobin with mean PPD, mean LOA & mean BOP score were calculated. Mean Hb was compared with severity of periodontitis using ANOVA. A total of 244 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the study sample was 40.42 (±11.38). Females constituted about 58.06%, whereas males constituted 41.4% of the study sample. Majority of the population had severe periodontitis (64.76%), followed by mild periodontitis (18.03%) & moderate periodontitis (17.21%). The mean haemoglobin level in severe periodontitis (13.35g/dl) is higher when compared to moderate and mild periodontitis (13.30g/dl & 13.18g/dl respectively). Mean PPD was 5.24 mm, mean LOA was 4.6 mm & mean BOP score was 0.98. Association between mean CAL and mean haemoglobin levels was positive and statistically significant with a p value of 0.012. Mean Hb level was not significantly different with varying severity of periodontitis