European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The aim of the present study was to assess the association between RDW and mortality in children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Pediatric medicine, Sir Padampat mother and child health institute (SPMCHI) and advanced hematology laboratory, SMS medical College, Jaipur from October 2018 to April 2019. 170 patients were included in the study. All the patients who were admitted in PICU of SPMCHI hospital, SMS medical college consecutively in the above said time period were taken as subjects in this study, after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: Total 170 children admitted in ICU ranged from 1month to 17 years, Majority of subjects belonged to age group 1month-5 years (36.4%), followed by 5-10 year and rest was age group of 10-18 years (30.7%). Out of 170 children, total number of males was 109(64.2%) and number of females was 61(35.8%). Among age group 1m-5y total 49(79%) were having haemoglobin in range of 9-11g/dl, 11 (17.7%) were having haemoglobin in range of 11-13g/dl, 2(3.3%) were having haemoglobin more than 13g/dl. In age group 5-10y total 39(69.6%) were having haemoglobin in range of 9-11g/dl, 13 (23.2%) were having haemoglobin in range of 11-13g/dl, 4 (7.1%) were having haemoglobin more than 13g/dl. Among age group 10-18y total 36 (69.2%) were having haemoglobin in range of 9-11g/dl, 13 (25%) were having haemoglobin in range of 11- 13g/dl, 3 (5.8%) were having haemoglobin more than 13g/dl.
Conclusion: CRP in our study did not correlate with mortality, hence to conclude in resource poor setting where parameter for predicting mortality in critical care are not readily available, RDW which can be measured easily by coulter counter can be used as a predictor of mortality.

Background: Pediatric dermatoses are disorder in children comprising the skin disease during their infant ages. Objectives: To assess the disease pattern and prevalence of various skin disorders in the infant age group at tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: Infants with skin dermatoses pf age group of 1-5 years attending the outpatient were enrolled in the study. A detailed history was taken in the report form of all the enrolled patients. The clinical examination and laboratory reports were done to confirm the diagnosis of the patients. Results: In the study the total number of 250 patients were included. The most seen skin disease pattern is infections and infestations infestation (42%), Eczema (14 %), Papulosquamous disorder (6%), pigmentary disorder, hypersensitivity disorder, keratinization disorder, nutritional disorder, scabies, urticaria, other types of infection were seen. Conclusion: The detailed knowledge in the infants about the pattern of dermatoses will help in implementing essential changes in health education and disease control strategies in the concerned area.

Caudal block can be performed as a single shot caudal or a continuous caudal using catheter
techniques. Single shot caudal blocks are used for ambulatory and minor procedures while continuous
catheter techniques are used for in-patients undergoing more extensive procedures. This study included
72 children, of both genders, coming for various elective infra-umbilical surgical procedures such as
herniotomy, orchidopexy, circumcision etc. Ethical clearance from institutional ethical committee was
obtained. Informed consent was obtained from the parents before including the children in the study. In
group A, the mean baseline heart rate was 122.67±9.08 per min which decreased to112.97±8.70 at 5
mins. The heart rate gradually decreased to 93.03±5.33 per min at 30 mins and 90.43±5.80 at 60 mins.
The mean baseline heart rate in group Bwas 121.92±8.52 per min which decreased to 112.19±9.79 at 5
mins and gradually decreased to 90.17±6.96 at 30 mins and 90.82±5.53 at 60 mins. However, there was
no significant difference in the heart rate between the two groups at any time interval.

The benefits of regional anaesthesia in children are well documented. These include attenuation of the
stress response, reduced opioid requirement and therefore reduction in associated side effects,
improved postoperative analgesia, and earlier extubation. Caudal epidural block is one of the most
common regional techniques in paediatric anesthesia. Caudal block is safe and reliable technique, easy
to perform and has been found to be very effective in children, especially in infra-umbilical surgeries
when combined with general anaesthesia. This study included 72 children, of both genders, coming for
various elective infra-umbilical surgical procedures such as herniotomy, orchidopexy, circumcision etc.
Ethical clearance from institutional ethical committee was obtained. Informed consent was obtained
from the parents before including the children in the study. Optimal calculated needle angle for
successful caudal block was 28.14±4.03 degrees in Group A, 19.22±2.78 degrees in Group B, which
was statistically significant. Needling time or procedural time for successful caudal block was
5.97±1.32 seconds in Group A, 14.25±2.93 seconds in Group B, which was statistically significant.

An immature permanent tooth is a newly erupted tooth with incomplete root formation. Once the tooth erupts, it takes upto three years for root completion. Any trauma or pathology to the tooth during this tooth might cause the tooth to lose its vitality. This clinical scenario is a challenge to the clinician as root does not develop further and may fracture. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the types of open apices seen in immature non vital permanent teeth. Data was retrospectively collected from the clinical records of patients who visited the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, from June 2019 to March 2020. 34 patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Data was analysed using chi square test.Results showed that 27 males (79.41%) had open apices compared to females (20.59%). Non blunderbuss(55.28%) canals were more common compared to blunderbuss canals (44.12%). Within the limitations of our study, we conclude that non blunderbuss canals were found to be more common. Male patients had higher prevalence of open apices compared to females.