European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Maximum bite force is a useful indicator of the functional state of the masticatory system and the loading of the teeth, and its recordings can be performed in a relatively simple way in the clinic. Previous studies have found a change in bite force due to orthodontic treatment, before and after treatment. This article reviews bite force, its measurement and changes by orthodontic treatment by fixed appliances.

Aim
The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the variations in the shape of maxillary
and mandibular dental arches in a population undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Methodology
Dental casts of 133 white subjects (61 males, 72 females; ages 10.6–26.6) were scanned and
digitized in three dimensions. Landmarks were placed on the incisal margins and on the cusps
of canines, premolars, and molars. Geometric morphometric methods were applied
(Procrustessuperimposition and principal component analysis). Sexual dimorphism and
allometry were evaluated with permutation tests and age–size and age–shape correlations
were computed. Two block partial least squares analysis was used to assess covariation of
shape.
Results
The first four principal components represented shape patterns that are often encountered and
recognized in clinical practice, accounting for 6–31 per cent of total variance. No shape
sexualdimorphism was found, nevertheless, there was statistically significant size difference
betweenmales and females. Allometry was statistically significant, but low (upper: R2 =
0.0528, P < 0.000, lower: R2 = 0.0587, P < 0.000). Age and shape were weakly correlated
(upper: R2 = 0.0370, P = 0.0001, lower: R2 = 0.0587, P = 0.0046). Upper and lower arches
covaried significantly (RV coefficient: 33 per cent).

Aim: To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients wearing complete dentures (CD).
Material and Methods: This study was carried at the department of dentistry for a period of 1 year. 100 completely edentulous patients in the age group of 22-74 years who did not complain of any TMD and were denture bearers with a varied denture wearing span, were examined for TMD signs and symptoms included in the study.
Results: Out of a total of 100 subject sex amines, the majority of the patients is 28% fell in the age group of 50-60 years, followed by 40-50 years 22%. There was no statistically significant association between different genders and age (P [χ2=1.722, P (χ2>1.722) = 0.9885. In the distribution of patients with or without TMD, 61.67% of males out of the total male subjects and 65% of females out of total female subjects showed the presence of signs. The difference was found to be statistically insignificant (P [χ2=0.347, P (χ2>0.365) = 0.5476). 42% of the subjects had 1-3 years of edentulous span followed by32%withmorethan 5 years of edentulous span and 26% of the subjects showed 3-5 years of edentulous span. 34% of the subjects showed limited mouth opening assign of TMD followed by jaw deviation which is shown by 27 (27%) of the subjects.
Conclusion: With an increase in the number of patients wearing CD, it becomes mandatory for dentists to be aware of the consequences of denture use over the anatomy and physiology of TMJ to provide quality prosthodontics treatment. The most common finding was limited mouth opening while crepitus and clicking were the least encountered

Aim: The present paper aims to highlights the prosthodontic management of patients with
some common systemic disorders.
Background: The increase in life expectancy, more desire for improved standard of life
and increased importance to esthetics has resulted in many ambulatory patients with
systemic health disorders walking into the dental clinics.
Results: Systemic diseases can have a local manifestation with no apparent systemic
symptoms or may present with both local as well as systemic reactions. Accordingly, the
assessment of medical risks and its relationship to oral health becomes a major area of
concern.
Conclusion: Dental specialists have a responsibility to contribute to overall health by
subsequent maintenance of the oral health.
Clinical significance: As certain systemic disorders may produce a pernicious effect on the
oral health, it is incumbent for the dental specialists to be aware of the several systemic
conditions and also to consider them in the treatment plan

BACKGROUND- Composite resin restoration on posterior teeth through conventional technique is generally, a time consuming procedure with risk of contamination between layers. Therefore, there have been techniques developed to facilitate the work of dental professionals and achieve aesthetic and functional results such as occlusal stamp technique. One of the major factor after the restoration of teeth is reproducing the original tooth anatomy to near perfection. "Stamp technique" is a novel & easy technique for filling the such carious teeth which has undestructed occlusal topography. With high precision & accuracy when restoring to functional occlusion, stamp technique is of great use. It is usually a method for placing large composite restorations with accurate occlusal topography. Although convenient, it has found acceptance in only a small percentage of practitioner. 
CASE PRESENTATION- A 18 year old female reported of decayed tooth in lower left back posterior region of jaw. On clinical examination pit fissure caries was noticed in lower left second molar of jaw. Patient had no complaint of sensitivity in the same region. Since no tooth morphology was destructed and only pit fissure caries was observed, Occlusal stamp technique treatment procedure was opted. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate & discuss various aspects & application of this technique, highlighting the point that stamp technique enables the clinician to accomplish more in less time.
CONCLUSION-Stamp technique for direct composite restoration is a convenient, favorable & biomimetic procedure . The accuracy of topography replication is far greater than the plain manual method & can be adapted to unconventional cavities as well

We examined 60 children from 5 to 17 years old in the regional endocrinological dispensary in Bukhara in the children's department with diabetes mellitus. The program "Healthy Tooth" was developed according to the following parameters: anamnesis of life, the state of the periodontium, the state of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, the intensity of the spread of caries, the state of occlusion, the state of hygiene of the oral cavity, the state of the tongue. In all children, we took into account the following survey indicators: blood sugar level, age, hygiene index, PMA index and indices kp, KPU + Kp, KPU. At the same time, a comprehensive study of the oral cavity was carried out, which included the identification of patients' complaints, anamnesis, and a visual examination.

The objective of full mouth rehabilitation is not only the reconstruction and restoration but also to maintain the health of the entire stomatognathic system. Full mouth Rehabilitation can be defined as the reestablished state of functional and as well as biological efficiency where teeth with their periodontal structure, the muscle of mastication and the TMJ mechanism all function together and in synchronous harmony. Tooth material loss (wear) occurs as a natural process during the lifetime. In some cases tooth wear is severe and there will be a decrease in the vertical dimension. Hence it is mandatory to evaluate the vertical dimension before further treatment planning. So this present study aims to assess the patients requiring Full mouth Rehabilitation based on Turner and Missilarian classification. patient records were analyzed with the data of 86000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020 from this a sample size of 65 patients were selected for the study. Data tabulated with parameters such as age, name, gender, classification of Turner, and Missilarian classification and their categories. Data import to SPSS for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics having a frequency, percentage, and chi square test done for association.Male is found to be slightly more prevalent than females. The most common age group affected were above 50 years of age group with categories-2 was more frequently seen. Chi-square test showed no Statistical significance between age/gender with the diagnosis of Turner and Missilarian categories since p value>0.005. Turner and Missilarian classification category 2 was found to be more in males above 50 years of age group. This study needs further extensive research with a large sample size in the future.