European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: Patient safety is the primary objective of health care. Success and failures are part of it. Adverse events can be controlled but cannot be eliminated. They should be reported, documented, and studied. Such data is important to monitor hospital performance and also they serve as a medium for training, simulation and improvement in standards of anaesthesia care.
Material and method: An observational retrospective study was conducted in a teaching tertiary level government hospital from patient records who underwent adverse events or deaths related to anaesthesia over one year from October 2016 to September 2017. Type of adverse events and their relation to ASA grading, type and speciality of operation, age, sex and comorbidities of the patient, time of critical incident when occurred with relation to anaesthesia were analysed. Mortality was included as a critical event in our study and analysed.
Results: Critical events were documented in 50 patients (0.5%), with mortality 54%, while rest recovered completely. Highest number were documented in age group 31 to 50 years (26%) and ASA III patients(50%). Critical incidences happened more with emergency surgeries (52%), in patients with single preoperative comorbidity(35) and under general anaesthesia(78%) in maintenance phase(32.8%). Highest cause of mortality was related to cardiovascular and respiratory events.
Conclusion:  Morbidity and critical events will always be part of anaesthesia practice. They might be prevented with proper vigilance. When they happen, it should be reported without fear of punitive results. They should be studied and analysed, and proper protocols and checklists should be developed according to local guidelines and medical practices. Such studies are important part of medical education process and improve patient care.

The present research focuses on the evaluation of the works of Svetlana Alexievich in context to the subject of representation of the Soviet man in her texts. Alexievich writes non-fiction and has written five major works that are collectively called the Voices of Utopia. The soviet soul which remains unrepresented because of the political oppression they faced find a voice in her texts. These texts inherently are in the form of documentation of the narratives of the people who were a part of the Soviet Union, and focuses on the major historical events and their impacts on the lives of the people. Following the Russian tradition of writing, the historical events coincide with the people getting majorly affected in their personal and collective lives. These collective documentations give us an understanding of the struggles of the common man which do not find representation in any of the history text books. There are only grand narratives of the nation available in various texts, but nothing in the sort of Alexievich’s representation. The history of the common people is under consideration in this paper through the works of Alexievich.

Clinical photography is essential to evaluate craniofacial and dental relationships. It can be used to assess soft tissue profiles changes in the long run. The study aims at assessing the lip competency of patients who underwent orthodontic therapy using preadjusted edge wise appliance. The retrospective study was carried out by collecting the Frontal and Profile views of photographs taken for the patients who underwent long- term fixed appliance therapy. It was seen that 41 patients had undergone Orthodontic therapy. Excel tabulation of the data was done followed by the results that were obtained after SPSS analysis. The statistical test performed was the chi-square test. 36.59% of patients with incompetent lips had undergone orthodontic therapy. 36.59% of patients in the age group of 21-30 had competent lips and 19.51% of the patients of the same age had incompetent lips. It was seen that during pretreatment,majority of frequency of the competent (39.02%) as well as incompetent (29.27%) lips were seen in females as compared to male patients. Chi square test shows p value >0.05, non significant association. Thus it was observed that all the patients were found to have competent lips after completion of orthodontic therapy.