European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Aquasomes are novel spherical nanovesicular drug carrier that ranges from 60 to 300 nanometer in size. They are self-organizing architectures through the action of different bonds e.g. ionic, non-covalent and van der waals forces. Aquasomes are constructed from three main components i.e. core substance, coating material and the loaded drug. The core mainly acts as a support for the polyhydroxy oligomers to enhance the structural stability of the formulations whereas the coating material is responsible for protecting the loaded pharmaceutical bioactive substances from dehydration. They are chiefly studied for delivering acid labile molecules like proteins and peptides. Nevertheless, they have potential in achieving higher solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs by imparting hydrophilicity to the poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Aquasomes also proved to have double targeting since sustained as well as targeted delivery approach can be achieved. Some of the mainly used sugars as coating material, different preparation techniques, applications and evaluation parameters are thoroughly discussed in the article.

Ceramics are broadly utilized as circuitous helpful materials in dentistry because of their extensive biocompatibility and satisfying aesthetics. The objective is to review the different CAD/CAM all-ceramic biomaterials. CAD/CAM all-ceramic biomaterials are highlighted and a subsequent literature search was conducted for the relevant subjects utilizing PubMed followed by manual search. Advancements in CAD/CAM innovation have catalyzed inquiry in all-ceramic biomaterials and their applications. Feldspathic glass ceramic and glass penetrated ceramic can be manufactured by conventional research facility strategies or CAD/CAM. The appearance of polycrystalline ceramics may be a coordinate result of CAD/CAM innovation without which the manufacture would not have been conceivable. The clinical employments of these ceramics have met with variable clinical victory. Numerous choices are presently accessible to the clinicians for the creation of aesthetic all ceramic restorations.

Background:Due to the increasing esthetic demands in today's world it becomes necessary to study various treatment options which enhance an overall aesthetics of an individual. One of the most important topics in contemporary dentistry is re-establishing a patient lost dental esthetic appearance. In cases where aesthetics plays an important role such as restoring the anterior teeth, clinicians mostly prefer a conservative yet aesthetic approach instead of restoring the teeth with full coverage crowns. In such situations direct and indirect veneers play an important role. So therefore, it becomes necessary to study direct and indirect veneers.Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of direct and indirect veneers used in smile correction.Materials and Methods:It is designed as a retrospective study. A total of 111 patient records where veneering with direct and indirect technique was planned were acquired. It was done by analysing records of 86000 patient data who were treated from March 2019- March 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the frequency and percentages of direct and indirect veneers . Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between age and gender with the type of veneering technique. SPSS version 20 software was used to perform statistics.Results: Out of the total cases evaluated, 78. 4 % of the cases were planned for indirect veneering and 21.6% of the cases were planned for direct veneering. There was a significant association between age of the patient and the type veneering technique planned p value 0.001 and no significant association between the type of veneering and gender of the patient p value 0.790Conclusion:Within the limitations of the study, Indirect veneering technique was found to be more convenient and it was performed much more as compared to that of direct veneering technique. There is a positive association between age of the patient and type of veneering technique planned for them.