European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Excruciating pain is a common consequence following breast surgery and can be efficiently managed with double path PECS I and II blocks. Pectoral plane blocks (PECs) are being utilised more frequently in analgesia for patients undergoing breast surgery.
Methods: Sixty patients undergoing breast surgery were randomly assigned into two groups: Single path and double path. Performance time of technique, the onset and length of the sensory block, visual analogue pain ratings (VAS), postoperative analgesic requirements and success rate were the outcomes.
Results: A single-path block performed more quickly. With the exception of 10 hours postoperatively, where the double-path group had lower pain scores, other time points saw equal pain scores. The sensory block lasted longer and started sooner in the double path block.
Conclusions: The use of double-path pectoral blocks was a beneficial approach, as it was associated with a faster onset, and a longer duration of analgesia.

Infertility in women is common over the world, and lipid abnormalities are thought to play a role. The goal of this study was to determine the plasma lipid profile and atherogenicity indices among infertile women who visited assisted reproductive technology clinics. In 140 infertile women and 50 healthy age-matched women of proven fertility, the serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and computed indicators of atherogenicity) was assessed.Using reagents provided by Randox Laboratories, Crumlin, Antrim, UK, the lipid profile was determined using the spectrophotometric method. The unpaired Students' test was used to compare the mean values of measured parameters between cases and controls. Age (p<0.001), total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, AIP, certain cardiac risk ratios, and atherogenic coefficients were considerably greater (p<0.001) in infertile women than in control participants, but high-density cholesterol was significantly lower (p<0.001). The difference in mean BMI between the patients and controls was not statistically significant. Except for the high density/low-density ratio, all atherogenicity indices were considerably greater in infertile women seeking assisted reproductive technology for conception than in control participants. This group of people has greater atherogenicity indices, which may predispose them to cardiovascular disease. As a result, it is recommended that lipid profiles and atherogenicity indices be evaluated on a regular basis.

Background: Exercise increases the production of free radicals, while vitamin E acts as a
scavenger of free radicals, while vitamin E acts as a scavenger of free- radicals. Thus exogenous
vitamin E supplementation has been shown to be effective against exercise- induced oxidative
stress.The study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin E (400mg) supplementation on the
endogenous antioxidant systems of the body viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione
peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) of hundred healthy sedentary females of 18-21 years age
group and comparable height and weight. Material & Methodology: Endurance capacity of
each subject was determined by exercising them on Magnetic Break Bicycle Ergometer at a fixed
workload of 600KgM/ min till exhaustion. SOD, GPX and CAT levels were analyzed at pre and
post exercise levels. The subjects were divided into two groups --- control group (n=50) and the
group receiving 400 mg of vitamin E (Evion 400) (VE) supplementation for 15 days. The same
experimental procedure was repeated after the supplementation tenure. Results :Results
indicates that exercise caused a significant decrease in the CAT level (P<0.05) and an increase in
SOD level (P<0.001) and GPX level (P< 0.05). However, these changes in the level of SOD, GPX
and CAT were minimized after exogenous vitamin E supplementation.Conclusion: The entire
result signifies that vitamin E is highly effective in combating exercise- induced oxidative stress
in sedentary females.

Background: Physical exercise may be associated with a 10-20 fold increase in whole body oxygen
uptake. Oxygen flux in the active peripheral skeletal muscle fibers may increase by as such 100 to 200
fold during exercise. Studies during the past 2 decades suggest that during strenuous exercise, generation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is elevated to a level that overwhelms tissue antioxidant defense
systems. The result is oxidative stress. The present study aims to investigate the effect of supplementation
of beta carotene, minerals and antioxidants in combination on the endogenous antioxidant system of the
body (viz., glutathione peroxidase GPX, super oxide dismutase SOD and catalase CAT) of hundred
females of 18-21 years age, and comparable height, and weight. Methods: Endurance capacity (min) of
each subject was determined through exercise on a Magnetic Break Bicycle Ergometer at a fixed
workload of 600 kgM/min till exhaustion. GPX, SOD and CAT levels were analyzed at pre and post
exercise levels. The subjects (N=100) were divided into two groups – control group (n=50) receiving
placebo supplementation and the experimental group (VM+Se) receiving supplementation of beta carotene
and antioxidant minerals combinedly in capsular form (n=50) for 15 days. The same experimental
procedure was repeated after supplementation. Results: Results indicate that significant increase in
endurance capacity (P<0.001) and post exercise significant decrease in GPX (P<0.05) and SOD (P<0.001)
and no significant changes in CAT (P>0.05) after beta carotene and antioxidant minerals combinedly
supplementation. Conclusion: Beta carotene and antioxidant minerals seem to be beneficial to control
oxidative stress and enhances endurance capacity.

Background:Coronary artery disease (CAD) has emerged as the major cardiovascular disease of the era and also the commonest cause of premature death. For several decades, conventional invasive angiography (CIA) has been considered as the well-established gold standard for making the diagnosis of CAD. Hence; the present study was undertaken with the aim of assessing the risk factors and clinical profile of CAD in female patients. Materials & methods:A hospital-based descriptive observational study was conducted with 100 patients to evaluate clinical profile and angiographic pattern in women with Coronary Artery Disease. Baseline demographics, clinical and risk factor profile was collected. Disease is defined as presence of stable angina, unstable angina or myocardial infarction. Baseline demographics, clinical and risk factor profile was collected. Appropriate statistical software, including but not restricted to MS-Excel. SPSS version 20 was used for statistical analysis. Graphical representation was done in MS-Excel 2010.

The investigation has been undertaken in order to study the study habits of Enginering students and to check whether there is any significant difference in study habits of male and female Engineering students and also to find out whether there is any significant difference in study habits of Engineering students studying in Govt. and private management of Jorhat district. A representative sample of 200 Engineering students for this purpose have been selected by using simple random sampling techniques. Descriptive survey method has been used for the present study. Self made questionnaire made by the investigator was used to collect data. Simple percentage, t-test statistical technique was used to analysis the collected data. It has been found from the study that Engineering students have a good habit of study. They read magazines/journals which is related to their course content and help for the development of their career and also suit their interest. They surf internet for different purpose including educational. They also prefer to read books on various items i,e novel, poem, short stories, books on science and technology etc. The study indicate that female Engineering students acquire good habit of study and the Engineering students studying in private management has a better habit of study than the Engineering students study in Govt. management.

Background
      Vitamin D is one of the major vitamin and very essential for maintenance of normal growth and development of strong bones. It is often referred to as the "sunshine vitamin" because it can be synthesized in the body from the ultraviolet rays provided by the sun. Vitamin D is known to have essential roles in the human body. However, the case of vitamin deficiency is reported to increase in many adult worldwide, especially in Saudi Arabia. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with numerous chronic diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes type 1 and 2. It is currently estimated that one billion people suffer from vitamin D deficiency worldwide. Sunlight is the main and natural source of vitamin D and most foods contain very little amount of it. The main action of vitamin D is to help calcium and phosphorus in our diet to be absorbed from the gut.
 Aim of the study: The study’s aim was to assess the knowledge regarding vitamin D deficiency ​among female adult attending the primary health clinic at Makkah at Saudi Arabia
Methodology: Across sectional descriptive study was conducted among female adult attending to clinic in PHC at Makkah, Saudi Arabia city, during the October to December, 2019. Our total participants were (150).  Results: Major findings of the study were (38%) adult women were in the group of age between 25 to 35 years. The majority of the women (84.67%) “married” status. The majority of the women were (49.33) secondary level of education, regarding chronic disease, most of the mothers in the study were found to have no chronic disease were (62.00%). The income level of (56.0%) of the respondents ranged average, the majority of the women were (42.0%) Sources of knowledge doctor.
 Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the various age groups in our country due to various factors. So, Awareness programmes have to be conducted to make the general public including the females aware of the vitamin D, its deficiency, causative factors and the preventive measures. So this study was done this study was conducted assessment the knowledge towards vitamin D deficiency, sun exposure, supplementation in a sample of adult female attending the primary health clinic at Makkah, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian.

Background:Infertility is one of the most significant problems in gynaecology. The present study was evaluated FSH, LH and prolactin hormones in female infertility.
Materials & Methods: 72 females with infertility were enrolled in group I and age matched healthy controls were included in group II. The levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin were measured with enzyme-linked immune-sorbet assay (ELISA) methods.
Results: Age group 20-30 years had 20, 30-40 years had 30 and 40-50 years had 22 subjects. The difference was non- significant (P> 0.05). The mean prolactin level was 18.1 ng/ml in group I and 12.5 ng/ml in group II. FSH level was 8.6 mIU/ml in group I and 6.1 mIU/ml in group II. LH level was 7.9 mIU/ml in group I and 5.8 mIU/ml in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Infertile females exhibited higher prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)as compared to healthy females.