European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: Vitamin A is required throughout the lifecycle.Vit A deficiency and
Xerophthalmia occur throughout much of the developing world and are linked to undernourishment
and complicated by illness. In developing countries, it is estimated that 5 lakh
preschool children become blind every year owing to Vitamin A Deficiency and many of
them will die because of increased vulnerability to infections, especially measles, diarrhea
& pneumonia. In southern districts of Karnataka, including Shivamogga, the burden of
malnutrition, respiratory infection, diarrhea, measles and post-measles infections are high
leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Majority of the studies related with Vitamin A
deficiency are mostly concerned with clinical signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency.
However subclinical Vitamin A deficiency is often missed. The present study is aimed to
detect subclinical Vitamin A deficiency in children at risk, so that supplementation of
Vitamin A in early stage may bring down the burden of preventable morbidity and mortality.

Measles is one of the five diseases which becomesa leading cause of child mortality in the world. Measles in East Java from 2014 to 2017 has increased from 762, 2367, 3913, to 4936 cases. The problem is that measles remains endemic in Indonesia and Indonesiahas poor quality of a Case-Based Measles Surveillance(CBMS) system implementation which leads to the lack of epidemiological information.Aim: This study purposes toevaluateCase-Based Measles Surveillance system in East Java Province in 2018 based on the attributes of simplicity, flexibility, data quality, acceptability, timeliness, representativeness, and stability.Method:This studywas a descriptive study which utilized a qualitative approach in analyzing the data.Result:The evaluation results of CBMS system implementedin East Java based on the following attributes were: simplicity (officer hadnever received any training and there wasonly one officer, thus the quality of the officerwas belowstandard),flexibility (no change), data quality (completeness only reached 16%), acceptability (regarding the implementation of CBMS by the district government, only 29% met the targets, 79% did not meet the targets, 5% did not implement CBMS, and no data from the hospitals or the private sectors), timeliness (on-time 5.7% ), representativeness (lack of accurate information), and stability (less reliable).Conclusion:The CMBS system implementedis complicated, less acceptable, less representative, less timeliness, and not stable.