European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background :   Vigorous growth of cells leads to cancer. Tecoma Stans, a flower which consists of anti - cancer properties. One of such anti - cancer properties is the pro - apoptotic role in melanoma cell line (A-375). This is an in vitro study. The intervention is a hydroethanolic extract of Tecomastans on the melanoma cell line. The gene expressions chosen for this study are P53, caspase 3 and caspase 9. Aim of this study is to assess the pro apoptotic role of Tecomastans in melanoma.
 
Materials and methods : Human skin cancer (A - 375) was brought from NCCS, Pune, India. Cell viability test using MTT assay and Gene expression analysis for P53, caspase 3 and caspase 9 were carried out using MTT and PCR respectively. The results were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools using ANOVA and Duncan’s  test.
 
Results : The study suggestin MTT assay, the percentage of cell viability is observed to decrease on induction of Tecoma Stans.Caspase 9, mRNA  gene expression decreases on induction of dosages 300mg/ml and 400mg/ml of Tecomastans. P53 gene expression increases on induction of dosages 300mg/ml and 400umg/ml of Tecomastans. Caspase 3 gene expression doesn’t show any significance on induction of dosages 300mg/ml and 400mg/ml of Tecomastans.  
 Conclusion : Tecomastans consists of pro apoptotic property which is one of the anti cancer properties in melanoma when acted on the gene expressions P53, caspase 3 and caspase 9.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease, therefore it is a priority medical and social problem. Often with diabetes, it is the ocular manifestations that primarily lead to the disability of patients. The review contains an analysis of the morphological experimental and clinical studies of fundus elements in patients with DM - original research, reviews and monographs by domestic and foreign authors, mainly in recent years. Clinical and morphological changes in diabetes are discussed, early diabetic changes in the retina, blood vessels, and macula are described. The important role of changes in the internal plexiform layer and ganglion cells

Acute kidney injury is a common complication of myocardial infarction (MI) and scarce data were available on the effect of vitamin D3 on heart and kidney functions in MI. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of vitamin D3 on cardiorenal functions in isoproterenol-induced MI in rats and the possible mechanisms involved. It was shown that in MI rats, there was a significant increase in serum levels of (creatine kinase myoglobin binding, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, malondialdehyde, interlukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and urine levels of (total protein and albumin), with a significant decrease in urine creatinine level, creatinine clearance and serum levels of [reduced glutathione and 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D] in comparison with
the control rats. On treatment of rats with vitamin D3 prior to induction of MI, thesebchanges were significantly improved in comparison with the MI rats. Histopathologicalband immunohistochemical examinations of heart and kidney in MI rats reflected the deterioration in their structures with presence of marked apoptosis which were ameliorated on treatment of rats with vitamin D3 prior to induction of MI. In conclusion, vitamin D has a protective effect on heart and kidney functions in the rat model of myocardial infarction and this beneficial effect could be related to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptoticactions.

Acute kidney injury is a common complication of myocardial infarction (MI) and
scarce data were available on the effect of vitamin D3 on heart and kidney functions in MI. In
this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of vitamin D3 on cardiorenal
functions in isoproterenol-induced MI in rats and the possible mechanisms involved. It was
shown that in MI rats, there was a significant increase in serum levels of (creatine kinase
myoglobin binding, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, malondialdehyde, interlukin-6 and
tumor necrosis factor alpha) and urine levels of (total protein and albumin), with a significant
decrease in urine creatinine level, creatinine clearance and serum levels of [reduced
glutathione and 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D] in comparison with the control rats. On treatment
of rats with vitamin D3 prior to induction of MI, these changes were significantly improved in
comparison with the MI rats. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of
heart and kidney in MI rats reflected the deterioration in their structures with presence of
marked apoptosis which were ameliorated on treatment of rats with vitamin D3 prior to
induction of MI. In conclusion, vitamin D3 has a protective effect on heart and kidney
functions in the rat model of myocardial infarction and this beneficial effect could be related
to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptoticactions

Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid group compound found in cloves, nutmeg,
cinnamon, and bay leaves. Apart from being used as a cosmetic, perfume, and food
ingredient, eugenol is known to have an antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and
anti-cancer profile. Eugenol has therapeutic potential by increasing reactive oxygen
species formation, decreasing anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, increasing the release of
cytochrome c that leads to apoptosis in cancer cells, and inhibit the epithelial to
mesenchymal transition (EMT) process that could reduce the cell ability to migrating.
We synthesized eugenol loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Nano-EU) by ionic gelation
method to overcome its shortcoming which is volatile and to increase its bioavailability.
The nanoparticles were characterized by using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS).
Anticancer activity of Nano-EU was investigatedin cervical cancer HeLa cell line by flow
cytometry using Annexin-V/PI staining, and by measuring cleaved-caspase-3 protein
expression which is the executor of the apoptosis process by immunofluorescence.
The results of the study evidenced that Nano-EU inducing apoptosis and increasing
activated caspase-3 expression in HeLa cells. Nano-EU could also inhibit cell migration by
reducing vimentin and Snail as mesenchymal markers leading to inhibition of the EMT
process. Further research is still needed to investigate the anticancer potential of Nano-EU
in HeLa cells to in vivo and clinical studies.

Kiseueur (Antidesma tetrandrum blume) is an Indonesian native plant that is potential as an anticancer drug. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic activities and apoptosis inducing mechanism of the extract and fraction of Kiseueur leaves and bark in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). The cytotoxic activity was carried out using the MTS assay. The expression of caspase 3 and caspase 9 pro-apoptotic proteins was observed by Western blot analysis. The results showed that the extract and fraction of Kiseueur leaves and bark had varied cytotoxic activities in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). Kiseueur bark extract had the highest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 81.65 μg / mL. Kiseueur bark extract induced apoptotic mechanism through modulation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 protein expression.