European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The current study aims at bacterial and fungal etiology of Cholesteatoma in patients attending tertiary care hospital. Cholesteatoma is an abnormal, noncancerous skin growth that can develop in the middle section of ear, behind the eardrum. It is a complication of chronic suppurative otitis media. With the informed consent, 70 patients with Cholesteatoma were included; 42 (60%) were male and 28 (40%) were female, and the mean age was 11-50 years. Materials and methods- Cholesteatoma sac and 2 preoperative swabs were collected from ENT OPD patients complaining of earache and discharge. Results- Out of 70 patients, 28 were sterile samples, 40 (41.7%) showed aerobic bacteria and 2 (1.3%) had fungal etiologies. Conclusion- Gram negative pathogen forms most aural swabs and Cholesteatoma sacs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant isolate 18(25.7%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus
11(15.7%) and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done. Though the treatment of Cholesteatoma is surgery but to avoid recurrence, the use of proper antibiotics by knowing the antibiogram will lead to a decrease in the prevalence of microbial growth and recurrence of Cholesteatoma.

The nomenclature of benign breast disease is very confusing.This is because over the last
century a variety of clinicians and pathologist have chosen to describe a mixture of
physiological changes and disease processes according to a variety clinical, pathological and
aetiologicalterminology. The study includes patient attending surgical out patient department
and admitted to surgical wards with breast lump during the study period. Most of patients
presented in OPD with complaints of breast lump 66 (60%) followed by patients presenting
with lump and pain of 33(30%). Some patient show engorgement of breast 8 (7.2%).Few
Patients also presented with lump, pain and discharge 3 (2.7%).

Umbilical disorder are most frequently seen in infantile age group. Complete or partial
developmental defect in umbilical cord leads to variety of clinical presentation. We
reported here a rare case of umbilical disorder having omphalomesenteric duct and
urachus remnant.