European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Teneligliptin, a new DPP4 inhibitor, was approved in India in 2019 and has been shown to improve blood glucose and lipid profile. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety metformin with teneligliptin combination versus metformin with glimepiride which is the most common combination prescribed in diabetes. Material and Method: This was an interventional, open-label, randomized trial on T2DM patients presenting to the OPD of the general medicine department at AIIMS Patna. A total of 326 patients were enrolled with a 10% dropout rate then they were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A (163) received metformin (500 mg) with teneligliptin (20 mg), while Group B (163) received metformin (500 mg) with glimepiride (1 mg). Both combinations were once daily and were evaluated to improve glucose and lipids at regular intervals. ADRs of both groups were also recorded. Result: The comparison of blood glucose indices between the two groups was significant at the end of the six-month treatment period. HbA1c (p=0.02), FBG (p=0.02), and PPBG (p=0.03). When the group’s lipid profiles were examined at the end of treatment, there was a significant difference seen in HDL (p=0.001), LDL (p=0.12), and TG (p=0.01). The common ADRs were nausea in both groups while gastritis and weight loss were most common in Group A and hypoglycemia and diarrhea were mostly seen in Group B. Conclusion: In this study, both combinations were well tolerated, but patients who received metformin and teneligliptin showed better control of their lipid profile and glycemic index

Introduction: The term "abortion" refers to the natural or artificial termination of a pregnancy prior to foetus viability. The second trimester, which is divided again into early and late periods, lasts from 13 to 28 weeks of gestation. Because of foetal abnormalities such as chromosomal aneuploidy, structural defects, and oligohydramnios discovered by antenatal screening programmes, many second trimester abortions are medically induced (resulting in intrauterine foetal demise). The combination of antiprogestin (mifepristone) and PGE1 analogue Misoprostol seems to be the most effective medical technique for ending a pregnancy in the second trimester.
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of two medical procedures for an abortion in the second trimester: preinduction with mifepristone followed by a misoprostol regimen (group 1), and preinduction with a foley cather followed by a misoprostol regimen (group 2). (Group 2). In order to make a comparison between the length of time that passed between the induction and the abortion in both groups, we will compare the length of time that passed. In order to provide an accurate assessment of the disparity in abortion rates between the two populations:
Methods: This study is a prospective randomized trial involving sixty healthy women who chose to have their pregnancies terminated at a tertiary care center's Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The women's ultrasounds confirmed an intrauterine gestational age ranging from thirteen to twenty-six weeks of pregnancy.
Results and discussion: Group 1's average induction abortion time was 8.93 hours, whereas group 2's was 8.75. None was statistically significant. 42 women who used mifepristone and misoprostol had IAIs under 6 hours, according to Bijeta et al. The average IAI for Mifepristone + Misoprostol was 8.6 hours and 15.5 hours for Misoprostol. Hourly comparison of mifepristone-misoprostol induction abortion studies: Neha Agarwal et al. found a 6-hour IAI. Sin Eh Goh et al. found a 6.7-hour average IAI. Kulakarni Kranti's average IAI was 8.15 hours. Tang et al. found a 10.5-hour IAI. Ashok et al. found a 6.25-hour IAI. In Subha et altrial, the foley catheter termination group received misoprostol after 13.84 5.37 hours.
Conclusion: Both the mifepristone preinduction with misoprostol and the foley catheter preinduction with misoprostol procedures are risk-free and simple ways for terminating a pregnancy in the second trimester. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean induction-abortion interval, the mean doses of misoprostol required, the side-effect profile, or the rate of women who experienced a complete abortion. In the group that used mifepristone and misoprostol, the success rate was 100%, while in the group that used foley bulb induction, the success rate was 96.7%. In this particular trial, the group that received mifepristone and misoprostol had a significantly lower level of pain intensity and a shorter length of time spent in the hospital. This difference was statistically significant. Therefore, it is possible to utilise either of these approaches to stop a pregnancy in the second trimester, although this will rely on whether or not mifepristone is readily available.

Motorcycle accidents are growing throughout the years in all the countries, as there is difference in social, economical and the transport conditions differs from place to place. Motorcycle is one of the prominent means of transport used by middle class people. Wearing helmet is the main safety equipment of motorcyclists, which might not be followed by all drivers . Adults people doesn’t take proper precaution safety riding take over speed, and triple riding. Accident of a motorcyclist is serious issue on society the structural support that a car does to keep drivers safe and protected. Even when a rider takes all possible precautions, accidents resulting in injury still occur .The primary objective of a helmet is to protect the driver’s head in case of an accident or fall from a bike. Now a days use of helmets is low and many people does not follow traffic rules like triple riding .The proposed project helps to identify whether motorcyclists wear safety harnesses that is helmets while driving or not and maintain proper rules on triple riding.

Background: In India 65% of women have unmet need for family planning during the first year post-partum, Insertion of PPIUCD appears appealing because, High unmet need for contraception during the first post-partum period, increasing rate of institutional delivery, Long term and reversible method, it requires only once motivation, Highly effective, Long-term benefits of reducing maternal mortality burden, hence in recent past PPIUCD as a method of contraception has evolved.
Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of PPIUCD.
Materials and methods: This is an observational study from June 2019 to May 2020, conducted in department of OBG, Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences to assess the safety and efficacy of CuT380A when inserted within 10 mins of placental expulsion up to 48 hours after delivery. During this period total number of deliveries were 3293. Among them 833 women had PPIUCD insertion. Counselling of PPIUCD was done during their antenatal visit, early labour, immediate postpartum and while preparing for the scheduled caesarean delivery. Post-abortal and 6 weeks postpartum IUD insertion were excluded from study.
Results: Of 3293 total deliveries, women who had PPIUCD insertion were 833(25.9%). Among them Post placental 165(19.8%), Primary cesarean delivery 550(66%) and repeat cesarean delivery 24(2.88%). PPIUCD counselling were done during antenatal period in 211 (25.3%), during early labor in 528 (63.3%) and during postpartum period 94 (11.2%). Acceptance of PPIUCD insertion was found to be 526(63.14%) among women of age 20-25 years, primipara 651(67.34%), who had at least primary education 249(29.9%). 812 women attended follow up. 651(80.17%) had no complaints, continued counselling helped. Complications like string problem (5.91%), expulsion rate (2.83%), pain abdomen (6.4%), bleeding P/V (3.94%). PPIUCD was found to be safe as there was no evidence of perforation or failure rate. 10 women insisted for removal of PPIUCD, one of the main reasons was social factor.

Objective: The aim of study was to ensure supply of safe and efficient blood transfusion to
patient and to prevent Transfusion Transmitted Diseases.
Methods: The present study included data of routine monthly analysis of whole blood and
blood components which was collected from archives of blood bank from the period of 1st
January 2018 to 31st December 2019. Data was collected for the above mentioned period in
which blood was collected from 2520 healthy donors in sterile single, double or triple blood
bags with anticoagulant Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine 1 (CPDA 1) after taking written
consent.
Result: Mean volume was 65.5 mL with range of 50-70 mL. Mean WBC contamination was
1.4×108/unit with a range of 0.15-5.5×108/unit. Mean RBC contamination was
0.077×1012/liter with a range of 0.05- 0.14x1012/liter.
Conclusion: Quality indicators should be well-defined, regularly monitored and properly
documented. Quality Control is an important tool to ensure maximum benefit to patient with
minimum cost and maximum advantage and minimizing requirement of transfusion to patient
and Prevention of risk of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases.

This study aimed to determine the nursing organizational factors and patient safety in selected healthcare facilities in the Philippines. It utilized quantitative approach of research specifically descriptive correlational research design. The inclusion criteria of the entire population were composed mainly of 455 nurses employed among the five selected healthcare facilities in Caraga Region, Philippines within a period of 1 year and above offering inpatient and outpatient healthcare services. Results revealed that there was a positive response on organizational factors such as nurse participation in hospital affairs, nursing foundations for quality care, nurse manager leadership, ability and support and collegial nurse-physician relationships. Patient Safety with regards to wok area/unit, supervisor/manager, communications, and frequency of events reported, patient safety grade, hospital and number of events reported were positively performed and practiced. The patient safety practices were directly affected by the organizational factors being tested

As a result of the use of many hydrotechnical structures in our republic for many years, the level of reliability in their technical capabilities is decreasing. This is causing a number of problems in the hydrotechnical structures. As a result of the research carried out, suggestions were made on the problems existing in the hydrotechnical structures, their elimination and mitigation.

Abstract. The article presents the materials of experimental research on the new defoliant of
cotton "Phosphodef". By parameters of acute toxicity the studied preparation belongs to low
hazardous compounds, IV class of hazard. The irritating effect of the preparations on mucous
membranes of eyes and skin; cumulative properties of the preparation have been studied in
acute experiments. Hygienic standards of the preparation in air, water, soil and food products;
sanitary protection zones, terms of employment are scientifically proved. According to the
research results, the use of defoliant "Phosphodeph" in agriculture from hygienic positions is
not objectionable.

Abstract. The article presents data on toxicological and hygienic characteristics of
new plant protection means introduced into the Republic's agriculture. As a result of the
research, it was established that new pesticides are low hazardous; they have irritating effects
on mucous membranes of eyes and skin in different degrees; they have functional cumulation.
Hygienic norms and standards of pesticides in environmental facilities and regulations for
their safe use - sanitary protection zones and employment terms.

The article presents the parameters of toxicity of new defoliant
of "Ecodef" cotton, materials on the substantiation of maximum permissible
concentration of the preparation in air, water, soil and maximum permissible
levels in food products; sanitary-protective zones, terms of coming to work after
the application of the preparation.

Presently there are limited options for controlling the transmission of West Nile virus (WNV), including the use of larvicides and adulticides to target the mosquito vector. However, these methods are poorly-targeted, restricted to wealthy semi-urban and urban areas that are able to fund the efforts, and opposed in some communities due to toxicity concerns. This study evaluated the use of endectocide-treated bird feed to control WNV transmission by targeting the primary vector in Colorado, Culex tarsalis. Ivermectin susceptibility in C. tarsalis was first measured through ivermectin-spiked bloodmeals fed using membrane feeders, and the LC50 was determined to be 49.94 ng/ml (39.71-59.93 95% CI, n=988). Chickens were then fed ivermectin-treated feed to examine its safety and palatability, and mosquitoes were blood fed directly on the chickens to assess in vivo effects. Finally, ivermectin pharmokinetics were analyzed using vein blood from chickens as well the C. tarsalis that bloodfed on the chickens. A mixture of 200 mg ivermectin/kg of bird feed was determined to be a palatable and safe dose on which chickens would feed while also being effective in killing C. tarsalis in bioassays. Pharmacokinetic data from the in vivo tests produced conflicting results compared to in vitro blood feeds but drug was detected in chicken blood at concentrations that may be expected to affect C. tarsalis.