European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy. Due to low socioeconomic status, poor health education and lack of regular antenatal supervision, the incidence of preeclampsia is more in developing countries like India.Pregnancy induced hypertension is an important health issue that has to be dealt especially in the developing countries. It is a hypertensive disorder which usually appears after the 20^th week of gestation.

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) to platelet ratio (RPR) is a
prognosticator in acute pancreatitis and myocardial infarction; however, the prognostic
values of RDW and RPR in breast cancer have not been studied. This retrospective
analysis of 50 breast cancer patients investigated the association between RDW and
RPR and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis, compared to platelet
distribution width to platelet count ratio (PDW/P) which is a known independent
prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. Aims and Objective: Our study aimed
to know significance of elevated RPR in breast cancer, to correlate the RPR with the
clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer (tumor grade, lymphatic spread,
over expression of hormonal receptors and HER2 protein).
Materials &Methods:It was a Retrospective study. Patients with histologically
confirmed breast cancer were included in study. Patients with heart failure / On
dialysis/ Lacking the entire set of clinicopathological data were excluded in this study.
Results: RPR was higher in patients with breast cancer. RPR elevation was significantly
correlated with high grade tumors, number of infiltrated lymph nodes and HER2 over
expression.
Conclusion: Our study indicates that elevated preoperative RDW levels are indicative of
tumor spread and progression of breast cancer. RPR is a cost-effective and novel
biomarker which can help in assessing the microscopic grading of Breast cancer.

Background: Platelets play a vital role in hemostasis. Idiopathic / Immune
thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common bleeding disorder in children, where
autoantibodies mediated consumption of the platelets, suppression of platelet
production by bone marrow megakaryocytes leads to thrombocytopenia and bleeding
manifestations. Incidence is 6.4 per 10000 among children and 3.3 per 10000 adults per
year.1 There is highest male to female ratio in infancy and it decreases with older age
groupchildren. No significant seasonal variation. Vaccination may play an important
role in the etiology of ITP in infants. History of a preceding viral infection 1-6 weeks
before the onset disease is present in 60% of cases. Bone. narrow was routinely
performed but evidences confirmedthat its rarely needed at presentation, must be
considered if having severe bleeding or not responding to treatment.
Materials &Methods:Details about children with ITP who presented to our hospital
between October 2020 and August 2021 were collected using a proforma. The study was
designed as a cross-sectional study. To meet the sample size, convenience sampling was
used.
Results: Total number of children recruited with a clinical diagnosis of primary itp was
120 after excluding the ones which had a secondary cause identified, the total primary
itp studied were 100. among them based on the duration of symptoms (as per
definitions) they were categorized into newly diagnosed, persistent and chronic itp.
There were 46 cases of chronic itp and 44 cases of persistent ITP. 73 percent of all
patients were between the ages of 1 and 10 years. in total, 8.9 percent of them had severe
bleeds. there was no link discovered between bleeding and platelet count. a high nordic
score (10-14) had a high predictability for short-term symptoms.
Conclusion: In our study, there was a higher incidence of its presenting in the hospital.
Higher a percentage of them had severe bleeding.

Background: Tendons are dense connective tissues composed primarily of a highly
organized type I collagen extracellular matrix (ECM). Which enables a tendon to perform its
mechanical function of force transfer. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) serves as a growth factor
agonist and has both mitogenic and chemotactic properties.
Aim: investigation the effect of PRP in tendon healing in rats, and evaluation the rate of
possible complications.
Materials and Methods: The study included (35) rats, (5) rats only used as donors for PRP,
while (30) rats separated as PRP group:(1); injection, group (2); spray, group (3); mixed.
The left leg in all rats (control group) receives nothing, while the right leg receives PRP as
separated groups. Each rat was kept in a separated cage and checked on until the end of the
follow up period (15-30) day. After (15) and (30) days post-treatment, (5) rats of each group
were sacrificed, and their Achilles tendons were extracted and examined histopathologically.
Stained sections examined for the number of the inflammatory cells / HPF,
the ratio between collagen 1 and collagen 3 and the arrangement of the collagen fibers

Background of the Study: Bacterial and Viral infections are often hard to be distinguished in daily clinical practice. Biological markers obtained from a routine examination play an important role to minimize time in providing diagnose and giving therapy. Recently, the use of Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is greatly considered to differentiate types of infection found in the patients presenting with fever.
Method: This study uses prospective cohort study design and involves patients presenting with fever who are admitted to the ICU. The initial NLR, MLR, and PLR is examined and categorized into types of infection found. The ANOVA test and t-test are performed to find out the difference among study groups with the value of α = 0,05.
Result : This study involves 207 patients (92 male patients [44%]) presenting with fever with the average age of 45,6 ± 14,6 years old. The majority of cases (135 cases [66,5%]) in patients with fever results from bacterial infection; The study also finds 47 cases (34,8%) of typhoid fever and 30 cases (22,2%) of pulmonary tuberculosis. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the most commonly found viral infection with 52 cases (76,4%). The significant diagnose of bacterial infection shows higher value of NLR and MLR than that of viral infection (P < 0,001); Urinary tract infection has the highest value of NLR and MLR, amounting to 9,4 ± 3,6 and 0,23 ± 0,20, respectively. In general, the value of PLR is lower than that of viral infection (P < 0,001).
Conclusion: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, MLR and PLR have benefit to predict diagnosis for the patients presenting with a fever. Bacterial infection is associated with the high value of NLR and MLR, and PLR generally has a lower value in viral infection cases.