European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The most common hip fracture is an intertrochanteric femur fracture, which is more likely in older population with osteoporotic bones and with a male preponderance. The proximal femoral nail (PFN), developed by the AO/ASIF group, has demonstrated its stability as an implant in femoral fractures with peritrochanteric, intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric fractures [6]. So, the current study was conducted with the aim of assessing the role of proximal femoral nail in the management of intertrochanteric femur fracture and its functional outcome.
Methods: The Department of Orthopaedics at Sree Uthradam Thirunal Academy of Medical Sciences Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, South India, undertook this current prospective cohort study from January 2021 to June 2022. On the basis of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 48 patients were included in present study. A pretested questionnaire was used to record patient details such as age, gender, type of fracture, time period of union of fracture in open and closed reduction, complications and functional outcome. The Boyd and Griffin classification was used to classify intertrochanteric fractures. Patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 weeks and finally at 6 months postoperatively for functional outcome as assessed by Kyle’s criteria. The statistical tests were considered if P value was <0.05.
Results: In our study, an aggregate of 48 patients were enrolled, male patients predominated (n=32) the study and there were 16 female patients. The mean age of patients was 48.57±8.13 years. In our study, Type I fracture were 4.1%, Type II fracture were 66.7%, Type III fracture were 6.3% and Type IV fracture were 22.9%. The difference in the time taken for union for fracture approached via closed and open reduction technique was not significant (p>0.05). In our study, the postoperative complications were screw failure (12.5%), and varus malalignment (4.2%). The functional outcome as excellent was enhanced as it was 20.8% at 3 months and 33.3% at 6 months.
Conclusion: Before being used by an orthopaedic surgeon, all latest implants and instrumentations must undergo a rigorous assessment. In our study, the proximal femoral nail, which was made use of to treat intertrochanteric fracture, achieved good results in terms of both functional and radiographic performance.

Introduction: Bone is a connective tissue which plays an important role in haematopoiesis and homeostasis. Bone lesions can be non-neoplastic or neoplastic. Radiologically non-neoplastic lesions can mimic malignant tumours and some malignancies can mimic benign lesions, hence histopathology is essential for diagnosing bone lesions.
Aim: The study aims to analyse the incidence, age and sex distribution, clinical features, sites and morphology of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of bone in our tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: This is a study conducted in the pathology department for a period of two years from January 2021 to October 2022. The bone samples were fixed in 10% formalin, processed, and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
Results: A total of 110 cases have been included in this study, the age range was 4 years to 94 years and the most common age group involved was 11 to 20 years. There was a male preponderance (59%) and male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Different sites of the body were involved in bone lesions; the femur was involved in a maximum number of cases. (24%)  Among 110 cases, 26 (23.6%) were non-neoplastic, and 84 (76.4%) were neoplastic. In the neoplastic lesions, 45 were benign and 39 were malignant. In non-neoplastic lesions osteomyelitis (73%) was common and in benign tumours, there was a preponderance of giant cell tumours. (31%) These were followed by osteochondroma (24%). In malignant tumours, primary (71.7%) were predominant of which osteosarcoma (32%) was the most common.  Metastatic tumours (28.2%) were usually seen in vertebrae and most of them were adenocarcinoma deposits.  There were a few rare cases of tumours such as epithelioid hemangioma of bone and malignant giant cell tumours.
Conclusion: This study provides insight about non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of bone along with a few rare cases in our tertiary care hospital

Sella turcica is a saddle shaped bony structure present on the sphenoid bone. The pituitary gland is seated at the inferior aspect of the sella turcica, called hypophyseal fossa. Sella turcica serves as a cephalometric landmark, that being said any morphological changes can affect the overall craniometry of the individual as well as alter the function of the structures it lodges. The following review emphasis on the possible morphological changes of sella turcica and its effects on the individual.