European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Salivary gland tumors are rare head-and-neck neoplasms. They demonstrate dual cell differentiation and morphologic overlap. Dual cell differentiation requires histomorphological study and immunohistochemistry to diagnose. p63 is a selective  immunohistochemical marker expressed in nuclei of myoepithelial cells and basal duct cells in normal salivary glands and aid in the diagnosis of of salivary gland tumors by highlightining the biphasic nature of the tumors. Extent of p63 positivity can be a useful predictor of clinical outcome and could help in the aggressive mode of treatment in certain types of salivary glands tumors.To study the role of p63 in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.
Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences in the Department of Pathology on the surgically resected salivary gland specimens received for routine histopathological evaluation. A total of 60 cases of salivary gland tumors were included in the study. It is a retrospective study carried out from January 2018 to December 2021, on surgically resected salivary gland tumor specimens and Immunohistochemical analysis with p63.
Results: A Total of 60 Salivary gland tumors were studied with different cytomorphology and mixed architectural patterns. In the present study, most frequent age groups were between 40 and 60 years.. All tumors except Warthin's were female-predominant. The parotid gland was the most common site, with adenoid cystic carcinoma mostly seen in smaller salivary glands. Pleomorphic adenoma and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma were frequent tumors seen. Standard techniques of IHC with p63 antibody were carried out on all the 60 Salivary gland tumors. All the benign tumors were positive for p63. Malignant tumors with basal cell involvement, such as Adenoid cystic carcinoma 6/7 cases showed p63 positivity with varying intensities. Clear, intermediate and squamous cells of all Mucoepidermoid carcinoma were p63 positive. p63 was negative in  Acinic cell carcinoma. Differential localization of p63 in various neoplasms was observed which has given information on myoepithelial cells.
Conclusion: P63 is an important Immunohistochemical marker which aids in diagnosis of salivary gland tumors and also helps in localization of myoepithelial cells by differential expression in various salivary gland tumors.

Salivary gland neoplasms are very uncommon, and they vary widely based on the site, origin, and gender. It has been suggested that ethnic and regional variables affect the prevalence of salivary gland tumors. The diagnosis of these neoplasms is mostly based on histopathological findings, with very little input from cytogenetic analyses, immunohistochemistry, or special stains. The current study aimed to determine the distribution of salivary gland neoplasms in histopathological specimens received in our institute.
Methods: Consecutive samples of histopathology of salivary glands received at the department of pathology during the study period were included.  The requisition forms contained clinical details that were documented. All tissue samples were fixed in 10% formalin, representative pieces were removed, and the tissue was processed histopathologically as usual. After that, paraffin wax was used to implant the treated tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain were used to stain the sections.
Results: Out of the n=40 cases of salivary gland neoplasms n=30(75%) specimens were classified as benign tumors and n=10(25%) cases were classified as malignant neoplasms. Of the benign tumors, the most common was pleomorphic adenoma in 46.67% of cases followed by Warthin's tumor in 16.67% of cases details of the sex-wise distribution of the benign tumors. In the malignant category of salivary gland neoplasm, 50% of cases were diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 20% each were adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma.
Conclusion: The results of our study based on the age, sex, site distribution, and pathologic characteristics were consistent with those of research from India and other countries. Despite the modest number of salivary gland tumors examined in this study, the results should aid in improving our comprehension of the condition. Since there is so little data on head and neck tumors over the past two to three decades, only a small number of salivary gland tumors based on a significant number of cases are published from India

(Background: The salivary glands have an important role in the functions of digestion
by making lubrication fluid, respiration, speech, and overall homeostasis, and they also
contain antibodies. Generally, the salivary gland tumors might be categorized into non
inflammatory, inflammatory, and neoplastic swellings such as calculi, benign tumors
like Warthin tumor, oncocytoma, pleomorphic adenoma, malignant tumors involving
undifferentiated carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma.
Methodology: This epidemiological study is carried out at the Department of
histopathology, Zakho general hospital, thirty salivary glands cases are involved in this
work in a period of 15-years.
Results: There are 30 patients with major salivary gland tumors, while 26 patients
(86.666) had parotid and 4 patients (13.333) had sub-mandibular major salivary gland
tumors. In the presented work, 26 (86.666) cases from a total of 30 salivary tumor cases
have been benign, while only 4 (13.333) are malignant, from a total of 26 patents of
parotid tumors, overall of 20(76.923) cases have been identified in superficial lobe,
whereas only 6(23.076) cases have been in deep lobe, from a total of 30 salivary gland
tumors, overall of 26(86.666) cases are pleomorphic adenoma and just 3 (11.538%)
cases are mucoepidermoid carcinoma and only single case (3.333%) has been acinic cell
carcinoma.
Conclusions: The parotid gland has been defined as the major site of origin which is
related to benign as well as malignant tumors, also the pleomorphic adenoma is the
major benign salivary gland tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the major
common malignant tumor. The rest of the cases are autoimmune disease and minor
salivary gland tumors.