European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Introduction: There is a wide spectrum of salivary gland lesions with morphological and clinical diversity which is a difficult task for histopathological interpretation. There are three major salivary glands-parotid, submandibular, and sublingual as well as minor salivary glands distributed throughout the mucosa of the oral cavity. Neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease may develop within any of these.
Aims: (1) To study the histopathological features of salivary gland lesions, (2) To study the prevalence of salivary gland lesions in tertiary care hospital, (3) To evaluate the incidence, age at the occurrence, and sex ratio among the patients with salivary gland lesions, (4) To compare the result of our study with other studies.
Material and Method: It was a retrospective study of 29 cases of salivary gland tumors, diagnosed on histopathological examination over a period of 5 years (January 2017 to December 2021) in the Department of Pathology, GMERS Medical college & Hospital, Valsad. Histopathological examination was done on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Result: In present study, out of 29 cases, 24 cases (82.76%) were benign and 05 cases (17.24%) were malignant. Most common benign tumor of salivary gland was pleomorphic adenoma followed by Basal Cell adenoma. Most common malignant tumor of salivary gland was mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Conclusion: Histopathological study of salivary gland lesions is the most important method in establishing the final diagnosis and subtyping. Salivary gland tumors are relatively less common and they exhibit a wide variety of microscopic appearances even within one particular lesions.

Introduction: Major salivary glands pathologies are a significant source of morbidity in
general population. The role of ultrasonography in evaluation of salivary glands masses
is become increasingly important due to availability of high frequency probe which
permit visualization of more subtle anatomical and pathological details.
Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the diagnostic role of real-time
ultrasonography& color Doppler in diagnosis of major salivary gland tumors.
Material and methods: This study was conducted in the Radiodiagnosis,
DepartmentofGajra Raja Medical College andHospitals, Gwalior (M.P.) in USG
Machine SSD4000SV (AlokaTrivitron) from August 2011 to September2012. A total 46
patients was enrolled in study after taking detailed history and relevant clinical
examination. Subsequently the patient was subjected to real time
ultrasonographyfollowed by histological examination by On-site fine needle aspiration
cytology.
Results: According to the study out of 46 major salivary gland tumors, benign tumors
32(69.57%)were morecommon than malignant 14 (30.43%).The age distribution of the
patients with salivary gland neoplasm ranged from 1-80 years and majority of belongs
to the 30-70 years age group.Male : Female ratio for malignant tumors is 6:1 and equal
in benign tumors.
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine
ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 9, Issue 3, Winter 2022
11139
Parotid gland was the most common site accounting for 91.30% followed by
submandibular gland (8.7%) of all salivary gland tumors. On USG examination all
tumors were hypoechogenic. Most benign tumors (87.5%) had well defined borders, but
12.5% of malignant tumors also had well defined (sharp) borders. The internal
structure of tumor was not a relevant indicator of malignancy. According to the study
the commonest tumors was pleomorphic adenoma which accounted for 60.87% of all
cases followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma( 17.4%)of all cases confirmed by
histopathological examination.
Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a highly sensitive, specific,easily available and
affordable imaging modality to assess salivary gland tumors.however it is more sensitive
for detecting benign tumors and more specific for malignant tumors.

Salivary gland neoplasms are very uncommon, and they vary widely based on the site, origin, and gender. It has been suggested that ethnic and regional variables affect the prevalence of salivary gland tumors. The diagnosis of these neoplasms is mostly based on histopathological findings, with very little input from cytogenetic analyses, immunohistochemistry, or special stains. The current study aimed to determine the distribution of salivary gland neoplasms in histopathological specimens received in our institute.
Methods: Consecutive samples of histopathology of salivary glands received at the department of pathology during the study period were included.  The requisition forms contained clinical details that were documented. All tissue samples were fixed in 10% formalin, representative pieces were removed, and the tissue was processed histopathologically as usual. After that, paraffin wax was used to implant the treated tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain were used to stain the sections.
Results: Out of the n=40 cases of salivary gland neoplasms n=30(75%) specimens were classified as benign tumors and n=10(25%) cases were classified as malignant neoplasms. Of the benign tumors, the most common was pleomorphic adenoma in 46.67% of cases followed by Warthin's tumor in 16.67% of cases details of the sex-wise distribution of the benign tumors. In the malignant category of salivary gland neoplasm, 50% of cases were diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 20% each were adenoid cystic carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma.
Conclusion: The results of our study based on the age, sex, site distribution, and pathologic characteristics were consistent with those of research from India and other countries. Despite the modest number of salivary gland tumors examined in this study, the results should aid in improving our comprehension of the condition. Since there is so little data on head and neck tumors over the past two to three decades, only a small number of salivary gland tumors based on a significant number of cases are published from India

The analogue of the parotid gland is the first gland to form in humans. Lesions of the parotid
gland are fairly easy to recognize mainly because of the location and limited number of
structures present here. Tumors of parotid gland are believed to represent approximately 2%
of head and neck tumors. Parotid gland tumors account for 70- 80% of all tumors of salivary
glands. Patients visiting to surgery department with parotid swelling were subjected to careful
history taking, complete clinical examination, and examination of facial nerve integrity.
Clinical diagnosis made was confirmed with USG (ultra sonography) parotid and FNAC (fine
needle aspiration cytology). 14(70%) patients in antegrade group vs. 13(76.47%) patients in
retrograde group had pleomorphic adenoma, 5 (25%) patients in antegrade group vs.2
(11.76%) patients in retrograde group had Warthin’sTumor,1(5%) patients in antegrade group
vs.2 (11.76%) patients in retrograde group had Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma.

(Background: The salivary glands have an important role in the functions of digestion
by making lubrication fluid, respiration, speech, and overall homeostasis, and they also
contain antibodies. Generally, the salivary gland tumors might be categorized into non
inflammatory, inflammatory, and neoplastic swellings such as calculi, benign tumors
like Warthin tumor, oncocytoma, pleomorphic adenoma, malignant tumors involving
undifferentiated carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma.
Methodology: This epidemiological study is carried out at the Department of
histopathology, Zakho general hospital, thirty salivary glands cases are involved in this
work in a period of 15-years.
Results: There are 30 patients with major salivary gland tumors, while 26 patients
(86.666) had parotid and 4 patients (13.333) had sub-mandibular major salivary gland
tumors. In the presented work, 26 (86.666) cases from a total of 30 salivary tumor cases
have been benign, while only 4 (13.333) are malignant, from a total of 26 patents of
parotid tumors, overall of 20(76.923) cases have been identified in superficial lobe,
whereas only 6(23.076) cases have been in deep lobe, from a total of 30 salivary gland
tumors, overall of 26(86.666) cases are pleomorphic adenoma and just 3 (11.538%)
cases are mucoepidermoid carcinoma and only single case (3.333%) has been acinic cell
carcinoma.
Conclusions: The parotid gland has been defined as the major site of origin which is
related to benign as well as malignant tumors, also the pleomorphic adenoma is the
major benign salivary gland tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the major
common malignant tumor. The rest of the cases are autoimmune disease and minor
salivary gland tumors.