European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: In developing countries, a large number of maternal deaths happen due to complications of pregnancy and delivery. In Ethiopia, the maternal mortality ratio had been 353/100,000 live births in 2015. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the missed opportunity for maternal health care services in Eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study involving pregnant women in their third trimester and women who gave birth in the last five years was conducted between September to December 2017. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were collected from a sample of 422 subjects in the districts. Descriptive (Univariable), bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical tests were done at a level of significance of p < 0.05.
Results: The result of this study showed that among  359 (85%)  pregnant women who planned for  ANC visit,  16 (4.5%) received ANC four or more times during their last pregnancies, the respondents (81.3%) claimed that they were taken care of by skilled delivery attendant during delivery, 18.5% of them said that they delivered at home and 71.1% of them received medical care after delivery. Women in the age group 15-24 years (AOR=??95% CI: 0.37, 3.74) and women who intended their last pregnancy (AOR=??95% CI: 0.11, 0.94) were significant predictors of unplanned home delivery.  
Conclusion: For optimal and effective interventions of maternal health services utilization, provisions should be made for better women’s education, family planning, job opportunity, and women empowerment; provisions should also be made for creating income-generating activities for women. Strengthening village women’s army wing, refreshing and enabling health extension workers and traditional birth attendants. What is more, optimal measures should be taken to discourage traditional practices such as female genital mutilation, polygamy, violence against women, and teenage marriage. Finally, free maternal and child health services should be advocated for so that the gap in maternal healthcare services is bridged.

Childbirth experience is one of the important outcomes of childbirth, so creating a positive experience of childbirth should always be considered as one of the goals of health care providers and programs. Present study investigate the Iranian women’s experience of physiological childbirth and its related factors. This cross-sectional study from June until Dec 2019 was conducted on 185 women based on estimating the average population formula, who had the experience of physiological childbirth in Fatemieh hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Samples were selected by convenience method. Data collection tools included demographic and midwifery questionnaire, childbirth experience questionnaire (CEQ) and midwifery care observation checklist. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 24) and descriptive and analytical tests such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov for assessment of normal data distribution and multiple linear regression test were applied. Significance level in the tests was considered less than 0.05.The overall mean score of childbirth experience was 71.85 ± 10.77 (score range of 22-88). Maternal satisfaction with the midwifery care, and the behavior of care providers were reported to be 67.13% and 75%, respectively. In 172 (92.97%) of cases, the backup midwife was present at the mother's bedside. On the other hand, the mean score of childbirth experience in the areas of “support of obstetric care providers”, especially back-up midwives (3.44 ± 0.53), and “own capacity” (3.12 ± 0.53) were higher and lower than other areas, orderly. As satisfaction with physiological childbirth was high, suggesting this type of midwifery care conveys great sense of security and satisfaction. This indicates that, the constant presence of midwifery staffs when women need them and minimal use of medical interventions, play an effective role in creating a positive experience of childbirth.

Corona Virus or SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19 virus has disrupted the world like nothing else humanity has seen. It has brought about an unprecedented health crises that we only heard about in books. Every country was found wanting in preparation to fight the attack. With no treatment in sight, the only solution scientists started working on was to make a vaccine to prevent infection. Vaccine development history shows at best 10 years in the making. In a rare worldwide cooperation of best minds of the world, this feat was achieved in 10 months. Humanity will never forget the year 2020 which brought a crises and the human spirit to find solution to it.
The main objective of this study is to look at the scenario post vaccine discovery and approval. The disease being so contagious, has to be curbed by vaccinating the entire population. This is not an easy task as it involves mind boggling efforts on part of government authorities who are directly concerned with public health. For a vast and highly populated country, it is even more complicated. The study examines the major challenges in vaccinating the billion plus Indian population. Availability of skilled manpower, a weak healthcare infrastructure, delivery logistics, cost of the vaccine, and spread of misinformation are some of the most important challenges that have emerged out of this study.

Objective: Selection of an effective method of delivery for mother and child in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. The retrospective group included 67 women who passed through the regional perinatal center, city maternity complex and family clinics No. 5, No. 6 of the city of Bukhara in the periods from 2016 to 2018. The main (prospect) group consisted of 68 women whose pregnancy proceeded against the background of overt or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The control group consisted of 36 women whose pregnancy proceeded physiologically. As a result of the study, the course of pregnancy and childbirth according to the history of childbirth and own observations revealed that in all (60%) pregnant women with GDM, pregnancy and childbirth proceeded with any complications, like in the mother and the fetus. Thus, pregnancy proceeded against the background of corrected diabetes with the use of the optimal insulin regimen and rational diet therapy, the absence of signs of diabetic fetopathy, then in this category of pregnant women, the delivery through the birth canal is considered the best option.

Nanotechnology has laid the foundation to nanomedicine production and still appears the cornerstone for ongoing global medical studies, since at nanometric scale the physical properties of materials vary, resulting in innovative magnetic, biochemical, visual and electrical characteristics. In addition to the huge amount of funds and capital, the emergence of new medicinal products against the changed pathological condition of our bodies is also challenging in view of maximum rate of failure. The modifications with in structures of products in nano particle form, altered the way of diagnosis and treatment of destructive human diseases by using medicines capable in effective management by modifying the step of discharge, delivery and disposal in the body. Smart nanoparticles are such one of the most demanding nano systems for drug delivery to targeted genes that can overcome the problems during treatment itself. Present review paper discussed the types and uses of various types of response-based smart nanoparticles to drug delivery practices.