European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The aim of this study is to study on submental island pedicle flap (sipf) in oral cavity reconstruction – a first hand experience.Functional results such as deglutition and speech were not affected post-surgery. This study has been carried out on 20 oral carcinoma patients admitted in surgical oncology ward of Index Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Indore (M.P) and underwent oral reconstruction. Prior to admission, proper screening along with detailed clinical evaluation with detailed history of each patient was done.
Duration of surgery and duration of hospital stay were significantly less. Small to medium sized defects of oral cavity.  Colour and texture of donor and recipient site matches perfectly in SIPF. Donor site defect can be closed primarily. Donor site scar is acceptable and not visible as it is in continuation with upper neck dissection scar.  In male patients growth of hair at the recipient site was a significant problem. SIPF is well suited for small defects and is good alternative for oral reconstruction.

Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterine
cavity. In the United States, the estimated prevalence of ectopic pregnancy is 1% to
2%, and ruptured ectopic pregnancy accounts for 2.7% of pregnancy-related
deaths. Risk factors include a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, cigarette
smoking, fallopian tube surgery, previous ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Ectopic
pregnancy should be considered in any patient presenting early in pregnancy with
vaginal bleeding or lower abdominal pain in whom intrauterine pregnancy has not
yet been established. The definitive diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy can be made
with ultrasound visualization of a yolk sac and/or embryo in the adnexa. However,
most ectopic pregnancies do not reach this stage. More often, patient symptoms
combined with serial ultrasonography and trends in beta human chorionic
gonadotropin levels are used to make the diagnosis. Pregnancy of unknown
location refers to a transient state in which a pregnancy test is positive, but
ultrasonography shows neither intrauterine nor ectopic pregnancy. Serial beta
human chorionic gonadotropin levels, serial ultrasonography, and, at times, uterine
aspiration can be used to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Treatment of diagnosed
ectopic pregnancy includes medical management with intramuscular methotrexate,
surgical management via salpingostomy or salpingectomy, and, in rare cases,
expectant management. A patient with diagnosed ectopic pregnancy should be
immediately transferred for surgery if she has peritoneal signs or hemodynamic
instability, if the initial beta human chorionic gonadotropin level is high, if fetal
cardiac activity is detected outside of the uterus on ultrasonography, or if there is a
contraindication to medical management

Scientists have been researching for a long time, where they have found evidence of a connection between “Lactobacillus - Caries”. According to the results of some countries, the qualitative and quantitative composition of lactoflora of the oral cavity is already known in the norm and case of diseases caused by disbiotic conditions of the mouth. This article presents the results of the quantitative and qualitative composition of oral lactoflora of women of fertile age, the state of biological properties of each particular representative and their impact on cavities formation, which can explain the microbiological etiology of cavities. Each of the following indicators was statistically processed and compared with the results of foreign countries.