European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as the impairment of renal function
measured as either a 25% increase in serum creatinine (SCr) from baseline or a 0.5
mg/dL (44 μmol/L) increase in absolute SCr value within 48-72 hours after
intravenous contrast administration. Although prophylactic hydration has been
promising in decreasing the occurrence of CIN, other efforts such as diuretics,
calcium channel blockers, theophylline, aminophylline, atrial natriuretic peptide,
dopamine, and fenoldopam have been disappointing. The preventive effect of Nacetylcysteine
on CIN has not been consistent in the literature. In a recent clinical
trial, bicarbonate infusion was more effective than hydration in the prevention of
CIN. Mechanical devices are in development to perfuse renal arteries with
protective drugs during contrast exposure or for removal of contrast from coronary
sinus during coronary angiography. In this article, we have reviewed available data
in regards to CIN.