European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Craniofacial morphology is determined by genetics, environmental factors
and functional demands. Craniofacial system involves maxillary-mandibular region,and
muscles surrounding it. Hard and soft tissues are affected by strain from masticatory
forces. Cortical bone adapts to the strain it is subjected. Strain on muscles maintains the
form and the mass of the bone. Higher strain induces production of bone while lower
strain values lead to bone loss. It is observed that strain on muscles varies in individuals
having different facial forms, bite force and malocclusion. Thus, one can relate between
muscle function, cortical bone thickness and facial divergence. 1,2 Anchorage can be
served by using sites other than teeth without unwanted side effects. With the advent of
implants for replacing missing teeth, its use for orthodontic anchorage was also
introduced.Temporary anchorage devices (TADS) are the Mini-implants commonly used in
orthodontics with versatility, minimally invasiveness and cost effectiveness. Use of TADS
as the means of absolute anchorage is one of the most important revolution in anchorage
considerations over last few years. 4