European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study to determine the prevalence of dermatological lesions in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
 Methods: This cross sectional study was done the Department of Ophthalmology, Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar, India for 10 months. 120 patients with diabetic retinopathy having diabetes mellitus of at least 5 years duration, aged between 30-65 years, were included in this study. The dermatological examination was done by a dermatologist under proper day light and if needed, using hand held magnifying lens. Examination of the retina was done by an Ophthalmologist using indirect ophthalmoscopy of dilated fundus, fundus photo, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography of the macula.
Results: There was a slight female preponderance with 51 males (42.5%) and 69 females (57.5%) among the 120 patients. of the 120 diabetic patients included in this study, 11(9.17%) had Very Mild Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR), 37(30.83%) had Mild NPDR, 43(35.83%) had Moderate NPDR, 14(11.67%) had Severe NPDR, 15(12.5%) had Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and 49(40.83%) had Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME). 97 among 120 DR patients had different types of dermatological lesions, the prevalence being 80.83%. Dermatological lesions among poor glycemic control DM patients had a prevalence of 55% which was higher as compared to 35% among good glycemic control DM patients. 49(40.83%) patients had diabetic dermopathy, 37(30.83%) had Xerosis, 32(26.67%) had IGH, 28(23.33%) patients had Icthyosis, 8(6.67%) patients had Intertrigo, 6(5%) patients had Tinea Versicolor, 5(4.17%) patients had Chronic Paronychia and 5(4.17%) patients had Tinea Unguium. 4(3.33%) patients had Eczema, 3(2.5%) had Melasma, 3(2.5%) had Lichen Amyloidosis, 3(2.5%) had Varicose vein, 2(1.67%) had Fissure feet, 2(1.67%) had Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis (PPD), 2(1.67%) had Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra (DPN), 1(0.83%) had Sclerodactyly, 1(0.83%) had Plain warts, 1(0.83%) had Macular Amyloidosis, 1(0.83%) had Cherry Aneurysm, 1(0.83%) had Xanthelasma Palpebrarum, 1(0.83%) had Photodermatitis, 1(0.83%) had Skin tags, 1(0.83%) had Onychomycosis, 1(0.83%) had Onychogryphosis and 1(0.83%) had Prurigo.
Conclusion: Prevalence of Dermatological lesions in Diabetic Retinopathy patients was 80.83%, the most common being Diabetic Dermopathy (shin spots) which was 40.83%.