Abstract

Background: Platelet-rich plasma [PRP] has received increasing interest across many
musculoskeletal disciplines and has been widely applied clinically to stimulate tissue
healing in numerous anatomical regions. The known actions of platelet-derived factors
suggest that PRP may have significant potential in the treatment of pathological
conditions of cartilage, tendon, ligament, and muscle.
Purpose: The aim of this manuscript is to review current literature regarding the
biology of PRP and the efficacy of using PRP to augment healing of tendon ligament
and muscle injuries, as well as early osteoarthritis.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review of musculoskeletal applications of PRP
was performed, including basic science and clinical studies such as randomized
controlled trials, case controlled series, and case series.
Results: The most compelling evidence to support the efficacy of PRP is for its
application to tendon damage associated with lateral and medial epicondylitis. Although
some promising studies have been reported supporting the use of PRP in osteoarthritis
and ligament and muscle injuries, it currently remains unknown whether PRP
effectively alters the progression of osteoarthritis or aids the healing of ligament and
muscle tissues.
Conclusion: The rationale for the use of PRP to improve tissue healing is strong, but the
efficacy for many musculoskeletal applications remains unproven. PRP has been shown
to be a safe treatment. A number of questions regarding PRP remain unanswered,
including the optimal concentration of platelets, what cell types should be present, the
ideal frequency of application, or the optimal rehabilitation regimen for tissue repair
and return to full function