European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

The development of breast cancer in many women appears to be related to female reproductive hormones, particularly endogenous estrogens. Early age at menarche, nulliparity or late age at first full-term pregnancy, and late age at menopause increase the risk of developing breast cancer. In postmenopausal women, obesity and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), both of which are positively correlated with plasma estrogen levels and plasma estradiol levels, are associated with increased breast cancer risk. Most hormonal risk factors have a relative risk (RR) of ≤2 for breast cancer development. The elective Modified Radical Mastectomy procedure was done in standard fashion. Patients in group A (Study group) received intraoperatively instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine into operative bed at the end of surgery. Patients in group B (Placebo group) received intraoperative instillation of normal saline into the operative bed at the end of surgery position. Approval from the ethical committee of the institution was obtained. All the patients were explained about the basis of the study and informed consent were obtained. Patients who received bupivacaine had longer postoperative analgesia when compared with normal saline group.