European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: Chronic myelogenous leukaemia is one of the common leukaemia seen with a proper understanding of the leukemogenic pathway which led to best treatment options as compared to other leukaemia’s. Many aspects of the neoplasm are yet to be discovered in the light of current development in the investigation particularly molecular testing. The present study was under taken to find out the actual burden of the disease along with the estimating the prevalence of chronic myeloid leukemia in patients coming to IGIMS Patna as most of the patients usually present in the late stage of disease.
Material and Method: The study was carried out over a period of 2 year and 6 months, from June 2019 to Nov 2021. Total 58 patient who came to Hematology department with relevant clinical features and hematological findings suggestive of chronic myeloid leukemia were included in the study. Based on clinical findings, complete blood count and peripheral blood smear examination, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were carried out. All the aspirate smear were stain with Leishman stain and trephine biopsies were stained with haematoxylin and eosin.
Result: In total, 58 patients were enrolled in the study. The median age of presentation of CML was 35 years and the mean age was 38.27 years. M: F ratio of 1.52:1. Of the total number of cases,48 patients (82.76%) were in CML‑chronic phase (CP), 04 patients (6.89%) in CML‑accelerated phase (AP) phase, and 6 patients (10.34%) were found in CML‑blast crisis (BC) phase. The most common symptoms of the patients were abdominal discomfort (70.1%) were as the most common presenting sign was splenomegaly (87.93%). Among these 58 cases, Philadelphia chromosome was present in 54 (93.10%) cases.
Conclusion: Most CML patients in Bihar are relatively young (31–50 years) with a male predominance. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy along with physical examination and other haematological investigation plays a key role in early diagnosis but molecular testing is essential for confirmation along with follow up during treatment of the cases. Although the most common treatment method is chemotherapy at present day scenario, bone marrow transplants and radiation are also available options.