European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background:Propofol produces quick induction and recovery, depresses airway
reflexes, and is used for sedation and anaesthesia; nevertheless, it is associated with
dose-dependent hypotension and respiratory depression.It can produce coughing,
hiccups, laryngospasm, and movements when used as a sole agent to provide LMA.In
addition to its amnesic and analgesic effects, ketamine raises heart rate and blood
pressure through stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.It was shown that a
combination of ketamine and propofol decreased patients' use of propofol and opioids
and improved their hemodynamic and respiratory stability. Objectives:1. Determine
whether the ketamine-Propofol combination has more favourable hemodynamics than
the gold standard prototypic induction drug (Propofol) in a cohort of healthy patients.2.
To compare the additional post-operative analgesia requirements between the two
groups.
Materials and Methods: Group KP, the Ketamine-Propofol Group, provided 0.75mg/kg
of ketamine and 1.5mg/kg of Propofol to 60 patients with ASA status I who were
randomly divided into two groups. Group P – Propofol Group received 2 mg/kg
Propofol for induction. The airway is secured with LMA, and patients in both groups
were maintained with O2, N2O, and Sevoflurane. For the next 15 minutes, every three
minutes, the baseline hemodynamics, heart rate, NIBP, Spo2, and respiratory rate were
recorded. Pain scores were measured for each subject post-operatively. Additional
analgesia was supplied to all patients with a VAS > 3 who reported pain.
Results: In Group KP, the systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart
rate changes following LMA implantation were considerably greater than in Group P.
Group KP had longer recovery durations, lower VAS scores immediately following
surgery, and less analgesic needs. In neither group was there an occurrence of apnea,
hypoventilation, or emerging responses.
Conclusion: Ketofol is a mixture of ketamine and Propofol that has multiple
advantages.Hemodynamic stability, absence of respiratory depression, rapid recovery,
and potent postoperative analgesia. We thus advocate intravenous ketofol as an
induction drug, particularly for patients undergoing short surgical operations.