European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: Pain has already been accepted as the sixth vital sign. Hence, attenuation of pain and alleviation of human suffering is of paramount importance in respect to the service provided by anaesthesiologists, for whom the patients submit a virtual suicidal note in the form of expressed consent. Hence, the importance of the study is self-explanatory.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the efficacy of post-operative analgesia with epidural Bupivacaine with Butorphanol, Bupivacaine with Fentanyl and Bupivacaine with Nalbuphine.
Material & Method: 75 patients belonging to ASA Ι and ΙΙ, undergoing lower abdominal surgeries were divided into three groups.
Group A: 0.125% bupivacaine + 2 mg butorphanol.
Group B: 0.125% bupivacaine + 100 mcg. Fentanyl.
Group C: 0.125% bupivacaine + 10 mg Nalbuphine Under all aseptic conditions patients were given epidural block with loss of resistance technique.
Results & Conclusion: Conclusions are drawn from the Study: Opioid analgesics with local anesthetics are extremely safe, effective and reliable method of postoperative pain relief. Fentanyl produces faster onset of analgesia with fewer adverse effects like sedation, pruritus, and nausea and vomiting than butorphanol and nalbuphine when given epidurally along with 0.125% bupivacaine. Butorphanol administered epidurally has advantage of longer duration of analgesia than fentanyl or epidural nalbuphine with side effects like nausea vomiting and sedation.