Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is well-established predecessor of atherogenic cardiovascular disease. MetS includes a group of risk factors characterized by hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, prothrombotic, and proinflammatory conditions, which speed up the body's atherogenic process. Hypothyroidism causes hyperlipidemia, diastolic hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. Hypothyroidism is also associated with increased cardiovas­cular morbidity for which various theories have been proposed. One of the hypotheses suggested is causal interaction with the metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The Adult Treatment Panel III report (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program has identified the MetS as a Multiplex risk factor for cardiovascular disease that deserved more clinical attention. The prevalence rates vary greatly depending upon MetS, population, age, ethnicity etc. in India a rapid increase in its prevalence has been noted due to socioeconomic transitions to increasing mechanization, affluence, urbanization and urban migration. Useful changes within the thyroid organ might have an affiliation with MetS and its related components counting weight, affront resistance (AR), lipid and glucose digestion system anomalies, raised blood weight, and cardiovascular brokenness. MetS and Thyroid dysfunc­tion (TD) are both characterized by a cluster of common variations from the norm such as stomach weight, hyperglycemia, and hypertension, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and raised triglycerides (TG). Additionally, IR, dis­tinguished as a fundamental component for MetS, too plays a part in hypothyroidism. Worldwide the most prevalent endocrine disorders are among thyroid diseases. Various studies in India showed that about 42 million people suffer from thyroid diseases.
Aim: The main aim of this study is to find Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hypothyroidism patients.
Material and Methods: In this study, 100 patients known to have hypothyroidism with different age groups from 20 years to 60 were included. It was reported from all the patients who visited the hospital as detailed history of Outdoor patients and Indoor patients, and laboratory analysis was also done. History regarding hypothyroidism symptoms was recorded as well as laboratory examination results like thyroid profile tests and Glucose and lipid analysis were also recorded.
Result: In this study out of total 100 patients, 32 were males and 68 were females. The ratio of female to male was 2.125:1. The mean age was 42.7 years old. The mean TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels in males were 179mg/dL, 142 mg/dL, 92 mg/dL, 34.5 mg/dL and females were 166 mg/dL, 140 mg/dL, 85 mg/dL, and 43 mg/dL respectively. The mean WC in male and female was 110.5 and 105.2, respectively. Elevated TG (>150 mg/dL) was found in 17(53.1%) males and 60 (88.2%) females. Low HDL‑C (≤40 mg/dL in men and ≤50 mg/dL in female) was found in 14 (43.8%) male and 62 (91.2%) female. Increased WC was found in 19 (59.4%) male and 66 (97.1%) female. Hypertension was found in 6 (18.8%) male and 30 (44.1%) female with an overall prevalence of 36%. MetS with three or more component was found in 19(59.4%) male and 65 (95.6%) females with overall prevalence of 84%.
Conclusion: This study showed significant association between subclinical hypothyroidism and MetS. The overall prevalence rate of the MetS in this study was little bit higher than the rates reported in the general population in various studies and compa­rable to studies of hypothyroid patients. In Indian MetS patients’ hypothyroidism was the most common TD.